Elizabeth Turro

Elizabeth Turro

The British Empire in North America, Part II

Slide Duration:

Table of Contents

Section 1: Period 1: 1491 - 1607
The First Americans

53m 30s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:06
“American” History?
3:12
Controversies with the Term, “America”
3:24
The Origin of the Term, “America”
4:10
The Peopling of the Americas
4:40
The Land Bridge Theory
6:33
How the First Americans come to the Continent
6:44
Evidence of the First Americans
7:50
The Three Major Waves of the First Americans
8:27
The First Wave
8:40
The Second Wave
8:50
The Third Wave
8:57
The Controversial of Kennewick Man
9:12
The Native Americans
9:47
The Three Sisters
9:50
The Effects of Agricultural Surplus
10:26
The Three Sisters
11:09
Mayas and Aztecs of Mesoamerica
11:57
Olmec Civilization
11:45
Subsequent
12:36
Mayan Society
12:52
Jaguar Temple in Tikal (Mayan Temple)
13:17
Mayan Calendar
15:11
Mayans
15:43
Priests Ruled Society
15:53
The Decline of the Mayan Civilization
16:03
Aztecs
16:40
Tenochtitlan
16:51
Aztec Priests and Warrior Nobles
17:12
Incas
17:39
Introduction of the Incas
18:06
Summary of Mayans, Aztecs and Incas
18:29
Map of Native American Cultural Areas
18:55
The Indians of the North of Rio Grande
20:15
Clan-Based and Egalitarian Society
20:36
Why the Indians did not Develop into an Advanced Group?
21:22
Self-Governing Tribes
22:28
Southwest Settlements
22:51
Hohokam, Anasazi, Pueblos
23:00
The Decline of the Southwest Settlements
23:47
Architectural Site of a Southwest Settlement
24:01
Underground Kivas of the Anasazi
24:05
Zunis, Acomas and Hopis
24:36
Artifacts From the Southwest
24:49
Lives of the Pueblo People
25:10
Ancient Apartment buildings of Anasazi and Petroglyph
25:42
Midwest Settlements
26:39
Adena-Hopewells
26:42
Cahokia
27:25
The Decline of the Mississippian Civilization
28:07
Muskogean and Algonquian Speaking Societies
28:18
Hopewell Mound
28:51
The Great Serpent Mound
29:07
The Culture of Mississippians
29:15
Animists
29:53
Northeast Settlements
30:33
Hunting and Farming-Based Society
30:48
Iroquois Confederation
30:57
Iroquois Women at Work, 1724
32:42
Matrilineal Society
33:27
Iroquois Creation Myth
33:38
Dominant Economic Activity
35:35
The “New World”
36:27
Example 1
37:26
Example 2
43:15
Example 3
44:44
Example 4
50:59
Interactions of Europeans, Native Americans and Africans

55m

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:50
Europeans Encounters Africans and the Americans 1450-1550
2:51
European Agricultural Society - Yeomen
3:42
Hierarchical Social Order
4:39
Hierarchy
4:59
Inheritance and Religious Influences
5:32
Dower and Primogeniture
5:33
Religious Influences
6:00
Importance of Religious History
6:43
Pagans and Animists
6:53
Crusades
7:20
Christian Identity of Europeans
7:56
Absorption of Arab Knowledge
8:08
The Renaissance and The Age of Exploration
8:57
The Black Death
9:16
The Renaissance
9:34
Improvements in Technology
11:15
Prince Henry the Navigator
11:51
Gunpowder
13:00
West Africa and the Mediterranean in the 15th Century
13:50
Sea of Darkness
14:28
Madeira and Azore Islands
14:47
The Development of the Slave Trade System
15:00
Trade Routes in the Sub-Saharan Region
15:21
Trade Routes in the Globe
16:45
West African Society and Slavery
17:31
Geographical Location
18:21
Trading of Goods
18:50
Languages
19:22
Spiritual Beliefs
20:01
Effects of European Traders
20:16
Europeans and Africans Trade
20:56
Vasco da Gama
21:28
Slave Trade
22:00
War Captives and Criminals
23:15
Portuguese Traders and Slavery
24:19
Elmina, Foree, Mpinda and Loango
24:30
Sugar Plantations
25:13
Shipping to the America
25:56
Europeans Explore America
26:19
Spanish Monarchs, King Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabel of Castile
26:26
Arranged Marriage
26:52
The Capture of Granada
27:33
Ferdinand and Isabella
27:42
Christopher Columbus
27:58
Two Goals
28:26
Christopher Columbus
28:47
Native Inhabitants
29:12
The Three Expeditions
29:31
Colonization of the West Indies
30:22
Amerigo Vespucci
30:40
The Spanish Conquest
31:02
Reconquista
31:18
Hernan Cortes
31:37
Moctezuma
31:50
Superior European Military Technology
32:11
Conquistadors and Disease
32:44
Francisco Pizarro
33:30
Conquistadors and Encomiendas
33:43
Columbian Exchange Map
34:52
Columbian Exchange
36:20
The Definition of Columbian Exchange
36:21
The Gold and Silver from Aztecs
36:46
Spanish Colonization of Americas
37:15
Spaniards Migration
37:22
Mestizo Population
37:51
Effects of Spanish Conquest
38:27
Introduction of Pigs
38:36
Steel Weapons
38:48
Smallpox
38:57
European Treatment of Native Americans
39:20
“Inferiority”
39:35
Spanish Policy
40:25
Latin American Social Hierarchy
41:21
Las Casas and Missionaries
42:20
Bartolome de Las Casas
43:06
In Defense of the Indians
43:10
Enslavement of Africans
43:58
Example 1
44:32
Example 2
47:45
Example 3
49:56
Example 4
52:21
The Protestant Reformation, Early Dutch and British Colonization and The Price Revolution

45m 42s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:10
The Protestant Reformation (Early 16th Century) and the Rise of England
2:00
Protestant Reformation
3:33
Spain's Loss of its Position
4:16
The Protestant Movements and Religious Conflicts
4:23
Religious Wars
4:32
Protestant Nations
4:49
Catholic Church
5:02
Martin Luther
5:16
Martin Luther
5:47
Grace
6:07
Dismissed the Need for Priests
6:24
Bible as the Ultimate Authority
6:48
Peasants' Social Protests
7:11
The Peace of Augsburg
7:30
John Calvin and Calvinism
7:58
Calvinism
8:50
Institutes of the Christian Religion and Predestination
9:13
The Chances of Salvation
9:33
The New Creed
9:49
The Anglican Church
10:09
The Presbyterian Church
11:15
Puritans
11:33
Religious Diversity in Europe, 1600
11:53
Radical Religious Groups
13:09
Migration to America
13:57
The Dutch and English Challenge Spain
14:32
John Cabot
15:12
King Philip II of Spain
15:46
Dutch (Holland)
16:05
Queen Eliz. I
16:28
Holland on the Rise
17:17
The Spanish Armada
17:48
Philip II
18:12
The Rise of the Dutch
18:48
Henry Hudson
18:58
Amsterdam
19:55
West India Company
20:28
Furtrading Colony of New Netherland
20:42
Dutch Colonies and Hudson River Valley
21:22
Mercantilism
22:01
Parliamentary Policies
23:36
Enrichment of Britain
23:48
Mercantilist Policies
24:48
Rise of Economy
24:50
Queen Eliz
25:48
The Domestic English Textile Industry
26:11
Merchant-Oriented Policies
26:48
Triangular Trade
27:00
Complex View of the Atlantic Trade System
28:05
The Social Causes of English Colonization
28:57
Merchant Fleets and Manufactures
29:26
Price Revolution
29:39
Creating Representative Government
30:08
Price Revolution Graph
30:36
Price Revolution
31:10
Expansion of the Textile Industry
31:21
Indentured Servants
31:58
A New Collision
33:00
Example I
33:21
Example II
36:43
A Comparison of Colonization and Settlement Patterns

57m 28s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:10
Spanish Settlements in North America
1:46
Spanish Adventurers
1:50
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
3:02
Hernan de Soto
4:45
St Augustine
5:24
Spanish Exploration in North America
5:38
St. Augustine
8:00
Indian Attacks and Spanish Response
8:49
Comprehensive Orders of New Discoveries
9:10
Pacification of Indians
9:48
Franciscan Friars
10:38
Images Related to Spanish Colonization
12:13
San Antonio Mission
12:29
Pope
13:29
Native American Response to Spanish Policies
14:28
Attitude towards Franciscans
14:39
Sante Fe
16:03
Pueblo Revolt
16:23
Pueblos Joining the Spaniards
18:15
What did Spain Achieve?
19:05
Settled San Diego and San Francisco
19:50
Development of the Rigid Class System
20:17
New Spain
22:21
Spanish Class System
22:51
The French Explore and Settle in North America
24:20
Giovanni da Verrazano
24:30
Voyages of Jacques
25:33
Quebec
26:20
Louisiana
27:42
Fur trade and Relations with Native Americans
28:09
The Hurons
28:20
Devastating Indian Wars
30:22
The New York Iroquois
31:30
The Confederation of Five Nations
31:43
Iroquois Five Nations
32:07
The French Also Sought Converts
32:30
The Needs of the Indians
33:20
Threat to Native Population
33:48
The Dutch Explore and Settle in North America
34:29
Joint-Stock Company
36:14
The Town of New Amsterdam
38:01
Encouragement of Migration
38:25
New Amsterdam, Dutch Style, Fort-Like Trading post
39:08
New Amsterdam
39:42
Fort Orange
39:46
Taverns Outnumbered Churches
40:10
Seizing Farming Land
41:11
Welcoming Settlers from Other Nations
42:31
The Brits Take Over and Rename the Settlement New York
43:07
Ignoring the Requests for Representative Government
43:18
Second Anglo-Dutch War
44:08
The Duke of York
44:17
Hudsob River and Dutch Colonies in Green
45:35
New York Divided and New Jersey is Formed
46:12
Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret
46:50
East and West Jersey
47:03
Quakers
48:22
Queen Anne
48:38
Example 1
49:10
Example 2
54:24
England's Tobacco Colonies, Jamestown, Bacon's Rebellion

55m 26s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:09
Areas Colonized by 1660
0:45
Early British Ventures in North America and Roanoke Island
1:48
Sir Humphrey Gilbert
2:20
Sir Ferdinando Gorge
2:57
Sir Walter Raleigh
3:20
Croatoan
3:57
The Chesapeake Colonies
4:51
Populous Colonies
4:59
Indentured Servants
5:27
Virginia
6:49
Jamestown
7:14
Virginia Company
7:16
Corporate Colony
8:44
Harsh Life
8:57
Finding Gold
9:51
The Man, the Myth, the Legend
10:17
Powhatan and Captain John Smith
11:51
Powhatan
12:06
Opechancanough
13:12
Captain Smith
14:22
Powhatan and Pocahontas
15:37
Marriage
16:03
Introduction of Tobacco
16:59
Jamestown Government
17:58
The “Starving Time” and Tobacco
18:35
Disease and Famine
19:27
Cannibalism
19:32
Brown Gold
20:05
The VA Company Encourages Settlement
20:40
Headright System
20:50
House of Burgesses
21:57
Backlash of Powhatan
22:51
War led by Opechancanough
23:40
Indian Fields seized by the English
24:15
Virginia Becomes a Royal Colony
24:40
A Royal Colony
25:05
The Church of England
26:23
Maryland Is Established
26:37
George Calvert
27:02
A Safe Haven for Catholics
28:09
Cecil Calvert Takes Over
28:54
Cecil Calvert
28:58
An Act of Toleration
29:51
Protestant Revolt
31:33
Hard Times and Labor Shortages
31:52
Raising Prices of Exports
32:55
Sir William Berkeley
34:11
Nathaniel Bacon
34:43
Bacon's Rebellion
35:17
Building Frontier Forts
36:02
Berkeley Arrested Bacon
36:47
Political Reforms and Restoring the Rights of Voting
37:15
Nathaniel Bacon and the Site That His Followers Occupied
37:36
Aftermath and Effects of Bacon's Rebellion
37:49
Manifesto and Declaration of the People
37:58
Sharp Class Difference
38:15
Early Indication of Colonial Resistance
39:38
The First African Workers Arrive and Slavery Supplants Indentured Servitude
40:12
The First African Workers
40:18
English Common Law
41:24
Lowering the Status of Africans
42:23
Analyzing Primary Sources
43:46
Example 1
44:26
Example 2
48:05
Example 3
51:10
Example 4
51:59
Section 2: Period 2: 1607 - 1754
Puritan New England, The Pequots And Metacom's Rebellion

1h 3m 53s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:09
Puritan Migration
1:20
Pilgrim Separatists Sail to North America
2:29
Elizabeth I
2:47
Separatists
4:10
Mayflower
4:20
The Mayflower and Pilgrims
5:25
64-Day Voyage
5:43
Pilgrims
6:00
The Mayflower Compact
6:35
Self-Government
7:12
Just and Equal Laws
8:06
Grim Conditions for the Pilgrims at Plymouth
9:55
William Bradford
10:28
The Local Wampanoag Tribe
11:12
Thanksgiving Holiday
12:59
Puritans Arrive in MA Bay Colony in 1630
14:00
Arabella
14:13
John Winthrop
14:18
More Puritans Follow the Pilgrims
16:15
The Anglican Church
16:28
Massachusetts Bay Colony
17:19
Joint-Stock Corporation
17:53
Puritan Governance and Society
19:19
John Winthrop
19:24
Holy Commonwealth
20:30
Creation of the Theocracy
21:19
The Role of Church and the Bible
22:16
Pious, Patriarchal Puritans
23:57
Patriarchal Society
24:57
Predestination
26:04
Three Ways to Deal With Uncertainties
26:40
Puritan Dissenters
27:21
Roger Williams
28:05
Anne Hutchinson
29:34
Antinomianism
30:42
More Dissent and New Colonies
31:24
Thomas Hooker
31:40
The Fundamental Orders
31:51
Puritanism and Witchcraft
33:21
Witchcraft
37:45
European Enlightenment
39:16
Puritans Value Education
39:53
Puritan Law
40:19
Harvard College
40:32
Tight-Knit Yeoman Society
41:14
Town Meeting
42:42
Proprietors
43:51
A Socioeconomic Hierarchy
44:22
Puritan Town and Village Map
44:45
Halfway Covenant
46:03
Clergy
46:30
New England Congregationalists
46:46
Partial Church Members
47:25
Map of Algonquian Peoples In MA
48:17
Puritans and Pequots
49:36
Pequot Warriors
50:00
Savages
50:32
Praying Towns
51:12
The Wampanoag and Metacom's Rebellion
51:40
Peaceful Relations with Wampanoag
51:50
Metacom
52:47
The White Settlements
53:20
Losses of the Rebellion
54:15
Metacom
55:24
Example 1
56:06
Example 2
59:10
Example 3
1:01:13
The British Empire in North America, Part I

1h 3m 58s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:08
Restoration Colonies
1:43
Charles II
2:17
South and North Carolina
2:49
Feudal Manors
3:13
Map
4:49
Georgia Founded Later in 1732
5:55
A Buffer
6:10
James Oglethorpe
6:20
Charles II Grants Proprietorships
7:58
A Gentry Class
8:41
Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina
9:25
The Carolinas
10:15
Rebellion of the English Quakers
10:40
South Carolinians
11:58
Pennsylvania
13:15
William Penn
14:48
Inner Light
15:08
Church Services
16:14
William Penn
17:00
The Society of Friends
17:35
Holy Experiment
18:04
City of Brotherly Love
18:17
Pennsylvania's Frame of Government
18:36
Guaranteed Religious Freedom
19:32
Persecuted Protestants
20:50
Political Factionalism
21:53
The British Increase Pressure on the Colonies
22:52
Navigation Act in 1651
24:19
Navigation Act in 1660
25:56
Navigation Act in 1663
26:30
English Domination of Commerce
27:02
The Revenue Act of 1673
27:22
Commercial Wars
27:58
A Punitive Legal Strategy
28:57
Divine Right
30:10
The Dominion of New England
30:46
The Dominion
31:11
Sir Edmund Andros
31:42
English Law and Customs
32:53
Excerpts From the Commission of Sir Edmund Andros
33:20
Imposing Levy Rates and Taxes
33:44
Executing Martial Law
34:22
Britain's American Empire in 1713
34:45
Dominion of New England and Sir Edmund Andros
37:27
The Glorious Revolution and Its Effects
38:30
Glorious Revolution
38:56
Mary and Williams of Orange
39:12
Constitutional Monarchs
39:28
The English Bill of Rights in 1689 and the Enlightenment
41:43
The English Bill of Rights
41:50
British Parliament
42:05
Two Treatises of Government
42:59
The Leviathan Absolutist State
44:28
The Demise of the Dominion of New England
46:03
Broke Up of the Dominion of New England
46:42
A New Royal Colony
47:06
The Restoration of Internal Self-Government
47:59
Board of Trade
48:16
Example 1
48:54
Example 2
51:29
Example 3
54:36
The British Empire in North America, Part II

1h 58s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:06
Imperial Wars and Native People
3:13
Carolinas Armed with the Creek
3:50
Fighting in the North
5:03
The Abenakis and Mohawks
5:08
Aggressive Neutrality
6:09
Treaty of Utrecht
6:37
Western Indian Trade
7:03
Britain's Supremacy
7:24
The Imperial Slave Economy
7:40
The South Atlantic System
7:53
The Sugar Plantations
9:27
Sugar Revolution
10:09
Most Profitable Crop
10:21
Negative Effects
11:06
Africa, Africans and the Slave Trade
12:03
Changing the West African Society
12:36
Benin
13:02
The Imbalance of the Sexes
13:33
Slave Trade
14:00
Middle Passage
15:09
Slavery in the Chesapeake and SC
17:58
A Slave Society
18:10
An African American Community
20:28
The Gullah Dialect
21:06
A Black Majority Emerges in South Carolina
21:50
Images of Slavery
22:40
Resistance and Accommodation
26:34
Drastic Limits on African Americans
26:45
Slave Protests
27:35
Stono Rebellion of 1739
29:24
Stono Rebellion
29:58
The Emergence of the Southern Gentry
30:49
Patriarchal Society
31:03
The Planter Elite
31:08
Owning a Slave
32:33
Gentility
33:41
Gentility
33:46
The Profits of the South Atlantic System
34:42
The Northern Urban Shipbuilding Economy
35:01
Bills of Exchange
35:48
Shipbuilding and the Distilling of Rum
36:33
Commerce in Lumber and Shipbuilding
36:55
Wealthy Landowners and Merchants
37:13
The Rise of Colonial Assemblies
37:55
Ruling With Gentle Hand
37:13
American Representative Assemblies
39:02
The Rising Power of the Colonial Assemblies
39:20
The Power of the People Began to Grow
40:18
Crowd Actions
40:22
Representative Political Institutions
40:33
Salutary Neglect
41:07
Constitutional Monarchism
42:07
The Prime Minister
42:50
Radical Whigs
43:07
Faction
43:12
Incompetent Royal Bureaucracy
43:41
Walpole
44:24
Navigations Act
44:34
A Degree of Independence
44:44
Walpole's Concerns
45:04
War Against Spain
45:29
War of Jenkin's Ear
46:30
War of Austrian Succession
46:52
The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
48:36
The America Economic Challenge
49:04
Navigations Act
49:07
The Molasses Act of 1733
49:52
The Currency Act
50:20
Example 1
51:48
Example 2
55:42
Example 3
59:52
Freehold New England and Diverse Middle Colonies

32m 29s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:08
Freehold Society in New England
1:03
Freeholders
2:25
Women and the Rural Household
2:42
Patriarchal Society
3:06
Farm Property and Inheritance
4:58
Laborer to Freeholder
5:39
Women Relinquished Ownership
6:43
Whole Communities
7:25
Challenges for Freehold Society
7:30
Double of the NE Population
7:44
Families' Petition
8:56
Livestock Economy
10:15
Preserving the Freehold Ideal
10:28
The Hudson River Manors
10:49
The Middle Atlantic Colonial Society
12:23
Grain Exports
13:07
The Hudson River Valley
13:56
Rural Pennsylvania and New Jersey
14:45
Economic Changes in Mid Atlantic
15:03
Social Division
15:17
“Outwork” Manufacturing System
15:42
Cultural and Religious Diversity
16:13
Cultural Diversity: Quakers and Germans
18:47
Preserving Cultural Identities of Migrants
19:02
German Cultural Heritage
20:25
Scots-Irish
20:39
Movement of Scots-Irish
20:50
Presbyterian Faith
21:28
Religious Identity and Political Conflict
21:52
Demanding a More Aggressive Indian Policy
22:15
Opposition to the Quakers
22:51
Economic and Demographic Changes in Mid Atlantic
24:18
Example 1
25:51
Example 2
28:00
Example 3
29:38
The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening in America

44m 4s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:07
The Enlightenment
3:04
The Age of Reason
3:33
Empirical Research and Scientific Reasoning
5:25
Influential Enlightenment Ideas
6:45
Four Fundamental Principles
7:29
John Locke
8:03
Two Treaties of Government
9:28
Revolutionary Ideas
11:46
Two Non-clergy-led Universities
13:39
Deism
14:32
Accordance with the Law of Nature
14:50
Ben Franklin
15:50
Ben Franklin
16:02
Key Contributor of American Revolution
16:45
Founder of the Junto Club
17:12
American Philosophical Society
17:22
Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanak
18:16
Almanacs
18:25
Richard Saunders
18:35
Wise Maxims
18:49
American Pietism
19:53
Pietism
20:12
Evangelical Christian Movement
20:27
Jonathan Edwards
22:04
The Great Awakening
22:18
Christian Zeal
22:24
George Whitefield
23:10
New Light
23:48
George Whitefield
24:06
The Great Awakening
24:46
Growth of Churches
24:52
Emotionalism, Revivalism, Evangelicalism
24:58
Itinerant Ministers
25:32
New Colleges
25:42
Jonathan Edwards
26:14
Revivalist and Intellectual
27:01
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
27:20
Eternal Damnation
27:42
Religious Upheaval in the North
28:34
Old Light
28:38
Unconverted Sinners
30:22
Separatist Churches
30:35
Presbyterianism
31:26
Protestant Church Government
31:31
Geneva, Switzerland
31:50
Hostility of Irish Catholics
32:13
Reverend William Tennent
32:39
Scots-lrish Immigrant
32:49
Log College
33:16
Picture
34:02
Effects of the Great Awakening
34:08
Americans
34:45
Emotionalism
35:30
The Congregational and Presbyterian
36:45
Baptists and Methodists
37:10
Growth in the Number of Churches
37:35
Example 1
38:07
Example 2
41:09
The Great Awakening Spreads to the South and the French and Indian War

39m 53s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:10
Social and Religious Conflict in the South
1:48
Challenging the Church of England and the Planter Elite
2:01
Freeholders
2:51
Religious Pluralism
3:16
Baptist Revivals
4:02
Baptist Revivals
4:41
Free Born Male Members
5:37
A New Religious identity
6:14
The First Three Wars
6:40
King William’s War
7:22
Queen Anne's War
8:46
King George's War
8:47
The Seven Years' War
9:42
French and Indian War
9:50
Iroquois Strategy
11:10
Beginning of French and Indian War
12:05
Ohio Valley
12:40
Fort Necessity
13:17
Join, Or Die
13:49
Pennsylvania Gazette
16:30
Ben Franklin's Albany Plan
16:50
The Board of Trade
17:39
One General Government
17:54
Significance of the Albany Plan
18:53
Demands for American Independence
18:56
Stamp Act Congress
19:37
Map of Conflicting Imperial Claims
21:04
The French and Indian War
21:35
Nova Scotia
21:39
Seven Years' War
22:17
William Henry
22:31
French and Indian War Map
22:56
End of War
23:36
Treaty of Easton
23:38
Quebec
24:02
The Treaty of Paris
24:30
Boundaries After Treaty of Paris
25:40
Pontiac's Rebellion
26:33
Ottawa Chief Pontiac
26:37
Indian Alliance
27:49
British Era
28:11
Other Effects of the War
28:49
American Military Ineptitude
29:27
Huge Debt
30:10
Defied the New Treaty
31:15
Paxton Boys
32:10
Example 1
32:53
Example 2
35:44
Example 3
37:55
Section 3: Period 3: 1754-1800
British Reorganization After the French and Indian War and Colonial Protest

42m 59s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:10
British Shift in Policy Toward Colonists
1:00
Higher Import Duties
1:46
Discriminatory British Policies
3:44
British Expenditures and Revenue
4:04
British Law and Imperial Reform
4:57
The Supremacy of Parliamentary Laws
5:02
Second-Class Subjects
5:22
Currency Act
6:02
The Sugar Act
6:46
Navigation Act Loophole
7:01
Vice-Admiralty Court
7:45
The Stamp Act and Quartering Act Passed
8:28
Stamp Act
8:39
First Direct Tax
9:06
Quartering Act
10:06
Declaratory Act
10:33
Colonists Begin to Rebel
11:21
Virtual Representation
11:38
Patriots
12:23
Enlightenment Ideas
12:51
The Colonial Response
15:06
James Otis of MA
15:24
Stamp Act Congress
15:32
The Sons of Liberty
16:18
The Bostonians Paying the Exciseman or Tarring and Feathering
17:08
Extreme Measures
17:46
A British View
19:02
The Repeal or the Funeral Procession of Miss Ame-Stamp
19:49
Stamp Act Repealed
22:01
Declaratory Act
22:15
The Townshend Acts
22:52
Refuse to Drink Tea
23:03
More Acts, More Restrictions
23:30
The Revenue Act
23:38
Quartering Act
24:24
More Forms of Resistance
24:56
Daughters of Liberty, Boycotts and Homespuns
25:06
Boycotts of British Goods
26:50
Trade as a Political Weapon
27:26
Some Notable Patriots
27:57
Patrick Henry
28:04
John Adams
28:49
The Boston Massacre
30:11
The Boston Massacre
30:19
Paul Revere
31:28
Committees of Correspondence
32:11
The Rights and Grievances of the Colonists
32:36
More Organized Attempt
32:47
The Boston Tea Party: Reaction to Tea Act
33:07
Mohawk Indians
33:23
Crates of Tea
33:47
Sons of Liberty
34:04
British Reaction to Boston Tea Party
34:43
Closing Down the Port
35:07
Coercive Acts
35:35
Example 1
36:06
Example 2
38:47
The Road to Revolution

42m 3s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:05
Coercive or “Intolerable” Acts
1:54
Self-Rule Acts
2:52
The Quebec Act
3:40
King George and Parliament
4:07
Colonial Response
4:18
Committees of Correspondence
4:20
The House of Burgesses
5:25
Thomas Jefferson
6:08
First Continental Congress
7:02
Rejection of Colonial Union
7:25
Stop all Trades with England
7:37
A Statement of Grievances
8:02
The Suffolk Resolves
9:20
James Galloway
9:59
The Declaration of the Rights and Grievances
11:16
Greater American Autonomy
11:31
Violations of the Rights of the Colonists
12:18
Rebellion Spreads to the Countryside
12:47
Changing Attitudes to Imperial Issues
13:35
Yeoman Tradition of Land Ownership
13:59
British Response
14:13
Illegal Assembly
14:29
Payment of Defense and Administration
14:55
Conciliatory Propositions
15:54
Lexington and Concord
16:26
Minutemen of Concord
16:37
Huge Losses
17:28
John Lodge's “View of the Attack on Bunker Hill, with the burning of Charles Town, June 17, 1775”
17:57
Loyal Americans Feared “Mob Rule”
18:24
Sons of Liberty
18:50
Pacifist Beliefs
19:04
The Second Continental Congress Organizes
20:05
Continental Army
20:38
John Dickinson of PA
21:10
Olive Branch Petition
21:33
Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms
23:09
Patriots Mobilize and Loyalists Join British
24:05
Zealous Patriots
24:11
Patriot Planters
26:45
Thomas Paine's “Common Sense”
26:52
Called for Independence
27:16
Common Sense
28:09
Against British Rule
28:39
Example 1
29:17
Example 2
31:48
Example 3
34:11
Independence Declared and the Revolutionary War

30m 41s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:08
Independence Declared
1:01
Declaration of Independence
1:14
Thomas Jefferson
1:27
Principle of Individual Liberty
6:01
The Legitimacy of Republican State Government
7:05
War in the North
7:20
Patriots
7:27
The Loyalist Strongholds
8:02
Native Americans' Preference
8:17
The British Military and Strategy
8:46
Powerful Navy
8:52
Joseph Brant
9:15
The American Army and Strategy
10:15
Economically and Militarily Weak
10:25
New Continental Army
10:28
Guerilla Tactics
11:34
British Tactics
12:12
General Howe
12:19
Battle of Long Island
13:20
Trenton
13:34
1776-1777 Map
14:04
African-American Role in the War
14:30
Loyalists and Americans
14:42
Enslaved During the War
15:10
Women's Role in the War
15:32
Boycott of English Good
15:58
Abigail Adam's Letters
17:51
The Ladies Association
19:49
Washington’s Sewing Circle
20:00
Edenton Ladies Tea Party
20:11
Philadelphia on the Eve of the Revolution
21:15
General William Howe
21:39
Starvation at Valley Forge
21:58
Thomas Jeffery's, After George Heap. “ An East Prospect of the City of Philadelphia”
22:11
Turning Point: Battle of Saratoga
23:26
Saratoga
23:45
Captured British Troops and Equipment
24:18
End of War
24:36
Dutch Declared War Against Britain
24:44
Marquis de Lafayette
25:05
Yorktown
25:39
Treaty of Paris
26:28
Treaty of Paris in 1783
26:49
Example 1
27:33
Example 2
29:09
Creating Republican Institutions

44m 52s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:06
Creating Republican Institutions
1:39
Sacred Fire of Liberty
2:04
The Destiny of the Republican Model
2:11
Experiment Entrusted to the hands of the American People
2:26
The State Constitutions, 1776-1787
2:41
Republicanism
3:22
New Constitutions
4:27
Voting Rights
5:48
John Adam's Influence
6:21
Thoughts on Government
6:56
PA Unicameral Legislature
7:08
Bicameral Legislature
8:07
Bicameral Legislature
8:43
Restricting Popular Power
8:49
Middling Circumstances
9:56
Women Seek a Public Voice
10:35
Second-Class Citizens
11:12
Abigail Adams
12:12
Vindication of the Rights of Woman
12:55
On the Equality of the Sexes
13:42
The Loyalist Exodus
14:21
Structure of Rural Communities
14:36
A Traditional-Oriented Economic Elite
15:00
Entrepreneurial-Minded Republican Merchants
15:13
In Search of a National Government
15:48
Weak Central Government
16:26
Continental Congress
16:39
First Constitution
17:34
Congressional Powers in the Articles
18:34
Conduct Wars and Foreign Relations
18:53
Adjudicate Disputes
19:38
Land Ordinances
20:04
The Confederation and the “Northwest”
20:17
Westward Expansion
20:50
Creation of Several Ordinances
21:49
Secessionist Movements
22:10
The Northwest Territory
22:46
Refused Morris's Proposal
23:18
Trans-Appalachian West
23:29
Native American Tribes
23:44
Map of Northwest and Southwest Territories
24:20
Ordinance of 1784
24:43
Ordinance of 1785
25:28
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
26:50
A Single NW Territory
27:12
Inhabitants
27:22
Weaknesses of the Articles
27:47
No Power to Tax
28:26
No Executive
28:53
Single Vote for Each State
29:02
Diplomatic Features
30:05
Great Lake Area
30:20
John Adams
31:10
Example 1
31:35
Example 2
34:28
Example 3
36:55
The Constitutional Convention and Debate Over Ratification

45m 59s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:07
Debts, Taxes and Shays
3:31
Postwar Depression
3:41
Resentment of Farmers
4:00
Abolition of Imprisonment for Debt
4:33
Effects of Shays' Rebellion
5:29
Sentenced to Death
5:37
No Federal Army
5:54
A Riot Act
6:30
What Type of Government to Create?
7:20
A Stronger Central Government
8:07
Money Questions
8:16
Alexander Hamilton
9:15
James Madison
11:06
Madison's Virginia Plan
12:06
3-Tiered National Government
13:41
Lower House
13:58
Upper House
14:10
Patterson's New Jersey Plan
14:47
William Patterson
15:18
One-House Legislature
15:57
Tax and Regulate Commerce
16:06
The Great Compromise
16:30
Roger Sherman
16:43
Connecticut Plan
17:07
Legislature
17:30
Other Important Decisions
19:56
In One Supreme Court
20:00
The Electoral College
20:23
A Fugitive Clause
22:50
The Supreme Law of the Land
23:17
National Supremacy
23:28
The Constitution
24:19
Fear of Abuse of People's Rights
24:58
Federalism, Enlightenment and Republicanism
25:34
Federalism
25:47
Enlightenment Ideas
26:27
Enumerated Powers
27:04
Federalists V.S. Antifederalists
28:42
Federalists
28:55
The Federalist Papers
29:30
Antifederalists
30:25
A Bill of Rights
30:41
Completing the Structure
30:57
First Elections
31:25
Ratification
31:31
Washington and John Adams
31:35
First Ten Amendments
31:44
The Judiciary Act of 1789
31:58
Map of State Ratification of Constitution
32:17
Creation of a Cabinet and Three Departments
33:33
Example 1
34:32
Example 2
35:25
Example 3
42:23
The Early Nation and the Washington Administration

43m 18s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:07
Status of Native Americans
1:55
Conflicts over Land
2:04
Nation Within a Nation
3:09
Tribal Sovereignty
3:20
Domestic Dependent Nations
4:54
Native American Conflicts 1780s
5:25
Trans-Appalachian West
5:43
Treaty of Fort Stanwix
6:02
Native Americans in Ohio
6:52
Native American Conflicts 1790s
7:01
Northwest Confederacy
7:24
Miami Warrior Little Turtle
7:45
Battle of Fallen Timbers
8:51
Treaty of Greenville
9:09
Hamilton and the Federalist Influence
9:30
Federalists
10:02
Alexander Hamilton
10:26
Public Credit
11:37
Alexander Hamilton's Economic Plan
12:06
Assume the Debts of the States
12:16
A National Bank
12:56
Excise Tax
13:13
The Federalist Program
14:24
The Funding Bill
14:32
Potomac River
15:48
National Bank of the US
16:08
Public Credit
16:15
The Republican Opposition
16:39
The Emerging of the Republican Party
17:30
Agrarian Republic
18:17
Decentralization
19:20
Strict V.S. Broad Constructionism
20:11
Strict Constructionism
21:39
Elastic Clause
22:45
Loose or Broad Constructionism
24:01
Washington Wins 1792 Election
25:14
The Whiskey Rebellion
25:50
The Militia
26:21
Early Foreign Policy
26:51
Neutral Policy
27:23
Diplomat Edmond Genet
28:05
French West Indies
29:19
Jay's Treaty
29:48
Federalist John Jay
30:17
Opposition to Jay's Treaty
31:44
Pinckney's treaty in 1795
31:56
Thomas Pinckney
32:08
Mississippi River
32:27
Executive Privilege
33:15
Downfall of the Federalists
33:37
Republicans Rose in Power
33:44
Preserving Stability
34:03
The Election of 1796
35:08
Farewell Address
35:46
John Adams
37:13
Example 1
37:46
Example 2
40:50
Section 4: Period 4: 1800-1848
Adams and The Jeffersonian Era

48m 14s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:05
John Adams
1:48
Political Philosopher
2:40
French Revolution and Haitian Revolution
3:13
Not a Slave Owner
3:46
Falling out with Jefferson
4:34
Relations with France Deteriorate
5:32
XYZ Affair
7:12
A Huge Backlash
7:33
New Warships
7:59
Rejected the Federalist Approach
8:33
Alien and Sedition Acts
9:06
Alien Act
9:23
French Revolution
9:48
1st Amendment's Prohibition
11:19
Republican Response
12:21
VA and KY Resolutions
12:26
Undelegated Powers
12:40
States' Rights Interpretation of the Constitution
13:06
Jefferson Becomes President in 1800
13:50
Election of 1800
14:34
Burr
15:15
Voting for Jefferson
15:35
Jefferson Elected
15:51
Electoral College
15:58
Revolution of 1800
16:44
Judiciary Act of 1801
17:37
Midnight Appointments
18:08
Marbury V. Madison
19:26
Marbury V. Madison
19:41
Judicial Review
20:17
John Marshall
21:29
Samuel Chase
21:40
Thomas Jefferson
21:51
Architect, Intellectual, Writer
22:00
Urbanization
22:52
Expansion of US Territory
23:57
Monticello
24:23
Limits on Government
25:06
Abolishing Internal Taxes
15:15
The U.S. Military Academy at West Point
26:06
U.S. French Relations
26:25
Secret Treaty of San Ildefonso of 1800
27:03
Unrest in the Caribbean Islands
28:02
New Republic of Haiti
28:35
Napoleon and L'ouverture
29:44
Other Foreign Policy Challenges
30:05
Pinckney Treaty of 1795
30:28
Robert Livingston
30:42
Louisiana Purchase of 1803
31:46
Proposal of Buying Louisiana
32:17
Signed the Agreement
32:30
Louisiana Admitted as a State
32:57
Louisiana Purchase
33:07
Lewis and Clark
33:34
Missouri River
34:15
Records to Geography and Civilizations
34:43
Lewis, Clark and Sacajawea
35:07
The Burr Conspiracy
35:24
Essex Junto
36:00
Aaron Burr
36:23
Other Challenges for Jefferson
37:27
War of 1812
37:44
Napoleonic War
37:51
Chesapeake-Leonard Incident
39:03
Jefferson's Proposal: Embargo
39:35
Embargo
41:02
A Controversial Policy
41:53
Exports
42:17
Example 1
42:35
Example 2
44:46
Period IV: James Madison and the War of 1812

44m 36s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:06
Election of 1808
2:24
Non-Intercourse Act in 1809
3:12
Macon's Bill No. 2 in 1810
3:43
Madison Faces Challenges
4:24
France Stop interfering with US Shipping
4:34
Indians in Ohio River Valley
5:14
Westward Expansion and Clashes With Native Americans
5:34
Treaty of Grenville in 1795
6:25
The Harrison Land Law
6:57
William Henry Harrison
7:25
Tenskwatawa, “The Prophet”
8:18
Shawnee Leader
8:42
Spiritual Revival
10:07
Tecumseh: “The Shooting Star”
10:29
Against White Civilization
10:43
Battle of Tippecanoe
11:12
Florida and War Fever
12:04
War Hawks
13:58
Henry Clay of Kentucky
14:10
John C. Calhoun of SC
14:13
Causes of War and Divisions
14:50
Naval Blockade
15:44
A Divided Nation
16:53
Anti-War Groups
17:36
The War of 1812
18:53
Land Campaign
20:11
Invaded Canada through Detroit
20:25
General Hull
20:37
The War of 1812: “Mr. Madison's War”
21:05
Map of the War
24:16
The White House Burns in 1814
27:05
The Revolt of New England
28:04
Daniel Webster
28:36
Talk of Secession
29:20
Hartford Convention
29:35
The Effects of the War of 1812
31:07
Respect Canada as a Neighbor
31:42
Debate over Missouri Territory
32:01
Rise of Sectionalism
32:20
Territorial Expansion for Anglo-Americans
33:21
The Treaty of Ghent
33:56
The Rush-Bagot Agreement of 1817
34:54
Example 1
35:12
Example 2
37:59
Example 3
42:15
Period IV: The Growing Economy, The American System and The 'Era of Good Feelings'

35m 25s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:08
The Growing Economy
2:32
Manufacturing Increased
2:39
The Bank of the U.S.
2:59
Building of a National Network of Roads and Waterways
3:24
Tariff of 1816
4:04
Transportation System Improvements
6:01
Potomac River to the Ohio River
6:09
President Madison
7:54
Conestoga Wagon
8:25
Henry Clay's American System
8:35
Protective Tariffs
8:43
National Bank
8:52
Internal Improvements
8:55
The Panic of 1819
9:56
The First Major Financial Panic
10:26
Tight Credit Policy
10:37
Debt Increased Sharply
10:53
Westward Expansion
11:14
The Population Doubled
11:30
The Factor System
12:08
The Plantation System in the Southwest
13:17
Black Belt
14:15
Cotton Plantations and Slavery
14:31
Four States Admitted to the Union
15:25
Trade and Trapping in the Far West
15:45
Mexico Gained Independence
16:08
U.S. Traders
16:39
Jedediah Smith
17:37
Exploration of the West
18:03
Plattee
18:36
The Great American Desert
18:56
James Monroe
19:13
Virginia Dynasty
19:22
John Quincy Adams
20:25
John C. Calhoun
20:32
John Quincy Adams and Florida
21:04
A Committed Nationalist
21:16
Negotiations with Spain
21:25
Andrew Jackson
21:41
Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819
22:52
Adams-Onis Treaty
24:02
Sectional Conflicts
24:57
The Extension of Slavery
25:06
The Tallmadge Amendment
26:32
Missouri Compromise
27:14
A Free State
27:21
A Slave State
28:11
MO Compromise
28:29
Example 1
30:16
Example 2
31:53
John Marshall, the Federalist Legacy and James Monroe's Foreign Policy

35m 22s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:09
John Marshall and the Federalist Legacy
1:10
Judicial Authority, the Supremacy of Laws and Traditional Property Rights
1:51
The Interests of Propertied and Commercial Classes
2:25
Long Term Mark on the Court
3:02
Fletcher v. Peck in 1810
3:30
Land Frauds
3:42
Contract Clause
5:42
Property Rights
7:00
Dartmouth College v. Woodward in 1819
7:40
College's Charter
8:04
Expanded the Meaning of Contract Clause
8:27
The Corporate Charter
8:48
McCulloch v. Maryland in 1819
9:20
Constitutionality of the Bank of the United States
11:16
Implied Powers
11:34
Power to Destroy
12:05
Gibbons v. Ogden in 1824
12:23
A State Grant
14:29
Interstate Commerce
14:38
Johnson v. McIntosh in 1823
15:01
Sold Land to White Settlers
16:19
Take Land from Tribes
16:44
Worcester v. Georgia in 1823
17:49
Establish Native American Sovereignty
18:51
Marshall Affirmed the Rights of Tribes
19:32
Foreign Policy Under Monroe
20:39
U.S.-Latin American Trade Relations
22:46
Neutrality
23:40
Establish Diplomatic Relations
25:08
Monroe Doctrine in 1823
25:53
“Backyard” of the U.S.
27:05
Nationalistic Policy
28:26
Secretary o State John Q. Adams
28:40
Example 1
30:00
Example 2
32:43
John Quincy Adams, Growing Sectional Tension, and the Capitalist Commonwealth

47m 41s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:08
The Election of 1824
1:17
State Legislatures
1:52
William H. Crawford
3:08
The Demise of the Caucus System
3:49
House of Representatives
4:43
Henry Clay as Secretary of State
6:14
Corrupt Bargain
6:30
John Quincy Faces Obstacles
7:05
Partisan Tensions Emerged
7:16
International Issues
7:33
Conflict with Georgia
8:36
The Controversial Tariff of 1828
9:29
Tariff on Imported Goods
9:32
Tariff of Abominations
10:01
A Huge Backlash in New England
10:37
Capitalism and the Commonwealth
10:55
Common-wealth
11:42
Abrupt Drop in Worldwide Prices
12:50
Business Cycle
13:23
Transportation Improvements
13:58
The Sale of Privately Owned Land
14:43
Marshall Court
15:37
First Railroad Lines
15:48
Transportation Innovations
16:24
Trade Ventures
16:30
Shipping Industry
16:37
James Watt
16:42
Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston
16:51
Turnpikes
17:13
Erie Canal Project
17:17
George Harvey's “Pittsford on the Erie Canal” in 1837
18:37
Erie Canal
18:53
Growth of U.S. Industry
20:14
Factory System
20:27
Eli Whitney
22:35
Changes in Corporate Law
24:08
Trade/Craft Unions
25:00
Commonwealth v. Hunt in 1842
26:32
Peaceful Unions
26:59
Labor Contracts
27:08
Cities Continue to Grow
28:09
Northerners
29:00
Agriculture and the Rise in Immigrants
29:13
Peculiar Institution
30:01
Effects of the Market Revolution
31:31
Isolated Lives
32:29
Women's Rights
32:40
Less Arranged Marriages
33:17
The Growth of the Cotton Industry
34:07
Example 1
34:18
Example 2
36:55
Example 3
39:18
Republicanism, The Second Great Awakening and Antebellum Reform Movements

40m 4s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:51
A Democratic Republican Culture
1:54
Republican Marriages
2:44
Republican Motherhood
4:56
Raising Republican Children
7:10
Promoting Cultural Independence
8:32
Aristocratic Republicanism and Slavery
9:55
Necessary Evil
11:32
Wages-Slaves
11:50
Gabriel Prosser
12:35
Outlawed Slave Trade
13:47
Voting Rights Expand
14:05
The Antislavery Movement Early 1800s
15:06
Black Abolitionists
15:24
Haitian Revolution
15:42
The American Colonization Society
17:43
Liberia
18:19
Richard Allen
20:04
The Second Great Awakening
21:33
Huge Evangelized Hubs
22:27
Evangelic Methodist and Baptist Churches
23:09
Timothy Dwight and Charles Finney
23:33
Revival Meetings Could Last Up to a Week
23:53
Effects of the Second Great Awakening
26:01
A Fervently Protestant People
26:30
Academies
27:56
Women's Rights and Temperance Movements
28:22
Revivalism
29:20
Camp Meeting
29:27
Rationalism/Enlightenment (Deism)
29:45
Charles Grandison Finney
30:53
Finney and Revival
31:32
Other Religious Groups Arise
31:51
The Shakers
32:15
The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing
33:10
Utopian Society
34:22
The Shakers
35:27
Example 1
36:17
Example 2
38:43
Utopian Communal Societies, the Temperance Movement, and Nativism

47m 18s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:10
Rural Communalism and Utopian Societies
2:24
Fourierism
4:06
Utopian Socialism
5:05
Members of Phalanxes
5:37
100 Cooperative Communities
5:42
Other Communal Experiments
6:26
The Amana Colonies in Iowa
6:29
New Harmony
6:53
Utopian Socialist Community
7:10
Major Communal Experiment Before 1860
8:39
The Oneida Community
10:11
John Humphrey Noyes
10:18
Complex Marriage
10:22
Female Followers
11:38
Silverware Production
13:17
The Mormons, 1830
14:01
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
14:11
Joseph Smith
14:14
Brigham Young
16:23
The Mormon Trail
16:45
Immigration and Cultural Conflict
17:10
Potato Famine
19:27
German/Irish
20:15
Cholera Epidemic
21:26
Immigrant Communities
21:41
The Surge in Immigration, 1854-1855
22:14
Backlash Against Immigrant Groups
23:04
Low Wages
23:18
Nativist groups
26:11
Immigrants were Scapegoats
26:54
Alcoholism
27:02
Samuel F.B. Morse
28:00
The Temperance Movement
28:33
Reform Movement Against Drunkenness
29:07
The American Society for the Promotion of Temperance
30:56
Temperance Legislation
31:37
The Drunkard's Progress
32:27
Carrie Nation, The Bar Room Smasher
33:58
Conservative Social Reform
35:30
Congregational and Presbyterian Ministers
35:46
Prison Discipline Society
36:24
Regular Habits
36:32
Sabbatarian Values
37:10
Example 1
38:45
Example 2
41:20
Example 3
42:46
Jacksonian Democracy

40m 25s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:07
The Rise of Popular Politics
2:21
Expansion of the Vote
2:30
Presidential Electors
3:17
No Franchise
4:01
The Political Machine
4:38
Martin Van Buren
5:58
Patronage
6:30
Spoils System
6:46
Jacksonians
8:32
Changing in Voting Patterns
8:52
Jackson Runs a Tough Campaign
10:57
Age of Jackson
11:42
Jackson's Inauguration
13:23
Reign of King Mob
13:45
Economic Equality
14:41
First Days in Office
15:14
Whigs
15:54
Against Jackson
17:09
Like a Monarch
17:18
Northern Whigs
18:02
Southern Whigs
18:57
President of the Common Man
19:22
Self-Made man from TN
19:27
Equal Protection and Equal Benefits
19:31
No Region
19:58
Permanent Office Holders
21:07
Frugal Jeffersonian
21:43
To the Victors Belong the Spoils
21:48
Spoils System
21:50
A Central, Corrupting Feature
22:40
To the Victors Belong the Spoils
23:44
Jackson's Political Rivals: Clay
24:14
Four Internal Improvement Bills
24:44
The Bank of the United States
25:22
Vetoing Numerous Bills
25:40
The Rise of Martin Van Buren and Jackson's Scandalous Cabinet
26:05
Kitchen Cabinet
26:54
Albany Regency
27:18
Senator Eaton
27:28
The Rats Leaving a Falling House
28:50
Calhoun and Nullification
29:33
John C. Calhoun of South Carolina
29:40
Nullification
30:04
Tariff of Abominations
30:20
Sectional Controversy
31:15
Nullification Crisis
31:45
Preserve Federal Union
32:54
A Force Bill
33:45
Compromise Reached
34:09
Henry Clay
34:14
Passed the Compromise and Force Bill
34:33
Nullification of the Tariffs
34:40
Example 1
35:09
Example 2
37:54
Four Internal Improvement Bills
24:44
The Bank of the United States
25:22
Vetoing Numerous Bills
25:40
The Rise of Martin Van Buren and Jackson's Scandalous Cabinet
26:05
Kitchen Cabinet
26:54
Albany Regency
27:18
Senator Eaton
27:28
The Rats Leaving a Falling House
28:50
Calhoun and Nullification
29:33
John C. Calhoun of South Carolina
29:40
Nullification
30:04
Tariff of Abominations
30:20
Sectional Controversy
31:15
Nullification Crisis
31:45
Preserve Federal Union
32:54
A Force Bill
33:45
Compromise Reached
34:09
Henry Clay
34:14
Passed the Compromise and Force Bill
34:33
Nullification of the Tariffs
34:40
Example 1
35:09
Example 2
37:54
Jackson, The Removal of Native Americans and The Bank Veto

43m 48s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:08
“King” Jackson and Native Americans
2:01
Vetoed 12 Bills
2:45
Abusing Power
3:13
Land-Hungry Citizens
4:30
“King Jackson”
4:55
Attitudes Toward Native Americans
6:42
White Expansion
6:49
Get Rid of Indian Landholdings
7:26
Indian Removal Act
7:48
The “Five Civilized Tribes”
8:08
Cherokees
9:23
Southern Indians
10:11
Tribal Map in Southeast
10:37
The Indian Removal Act, 1830
11:00
The Resettlement of Many Thousands of American Indians
11:06
Bureau of Indian Affairs
11:28
The Black Hawk War
12:01
Chief Black Hawk
12:12
Last Battle
12:26
70 Indian Nation to Sign Treaties
13:02
Portrait of Black Hawk by Charles Bird King
13:26
Worcester v. Georgia in 1832
13:55
Worcester
15:27
Native American Sovereignty
15:54
The Rights of Tries to Remain Free from the State Government
16:11
Jackson's Response
16:54
Let the Court Enforce It
16:56
Removal Continued
17:26
Johnson v. McIntosh in 1823
17:32
Illinois and Pinakeshaw
17:50
Buy Land from Tribes not from Individuals
18:11
Indian Removal
18:33
Trail of Tears
20:07
Trail of Tears, a 1200 Mile Journey
20:44
The Seminole War
21:37
The Seminoles of Florida
21:55
The Struggle Dragged on for Years
22:18
Uprising in 1835
22:30
Osceola
23:24
“The Indians and Negroes Massacre the Whites in Florida, in January 1836”
23:30
Result of Removal
25:07
Less Hospitable Lands of the Mississippi
25:26
Disease or Exhaustion
26:37
Alien Environment
26:46
Jackson's Bank Veto
27:03
Most Powerful Financial Institution in the Nation
27:30
Nicholas Biddle
27:50
The “Soft Money” Faction
28:12
The Hard money Position
28:33
Henry Clay
29:56
Private Monopoly
30:19
Jackson's Second Term
31:13
Destroy the “Monster” Bank
31:26
Attorney General Roger B. Taney
31:56
Raising Interest Rates and Calling in Loans
32:10
Chronically Unstable Banking System
32:46
Jackson Cartoon
33:14
Jackson's Species Circular
35:52
Inflated Prices for Land and Various Goods
36:01
Specie Circular
36:12
The Panic of 1837
36:38
Example 1
37:41
Example 2
40:09
Democrats, Whigs, and the Second Party System

36m 37s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:06
Taney Appointed to the Court
1:32
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge
2:19
Promote General Happiness
2:44
Exercising a Monopoly
3:18
Expansion of Economic Opportunity
3:35
The Whigs Respond to the Democrats
4:03
Second Party System
5:14
Laissez-Faire Capitalism
5:53
Irish and German Catholics
6:35
Whig Ideology
6:52
Expanding the Power of the Federal Government
6:53
Supporters of Legislation
7:37
Anti-Mason Movement
8:10
The “Great Triumvirate”
8:20
Henry Clay
8:40
Daniel Webster
8:53
John Calhoun
9:01
Election of 1836
9:28
Van Buren
9:34
Nominating Four Candidates From Different Regions
10:14
An Affecting Scene in Kentucky
10:35
1836 Election Cartoon
12:48
Divided Leadership Affects 1836 Election
14:51
Martin Van Buren and Democrats
14:58
Individual Rights
15:05
The Failed Plan
15:22
The Panic of 1837
15:49
Distribution Act
16:45
Land Speculative Fever Resulted
16:54
Independent Treasury System
17:56
Image of the Panic of 1837
18:50
Depression of 1837
21:25
The Ideology of Artisan Republicanism
21:41
Unions to Bargain for Higher Wages
22:06
Closed Shops Agreements
22:23
Effects of the Depression
23:09
Prohibited “Conspiracies” in Restraint of Trade
23:12
The Democratic Party
24:22
Commonwealth v. Hunt in 1842
24:35
Peaceful Unions
24:50
Upheld the Rights of Workers
25:06
Ten-Hour Day for Federal Employees
25:30
Log Cabin Campaign of 1840
25:50
Penny Press
26:50
The Party of the Common People
27:30
William Henry Harrison
27:47
Log Cabin Campaign
28:02
Harrison Wins
28:24
234 V.S. 60 Electoral Votes
28:40
Re-Charter bank
29:19
Preemption Act of 1841
29:32
Foreign Policy Highlights
30:09
Caroline
30:23
Aroostook war
30:41
Creole
30:55
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
31:32
Extraterritoriality
31:53
Example 1
33:05
Example 2
35:36
Transcendentalists and the American Renaissance

37m 43s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:06
Individualism
0:54
Alexis de Tocqueville
1:14
Individualism
1:48
Transcendentalism
3:12
Intellectual Movement
3:19
Individuality Self-Reliance and Nonconformity
3:48
Instincts and Emotion
4:32
Transcendentalists
4:55
Understanding
5:05
Transcend the Limits of the Intellect
5:22
Concord, MA
5:55
Images of Transcendentalists
6:07
Ralph Waldo Emerson
7:11
Leading Spokesman of this Movement
7:35
The American Scholar
8:31
Outpouring of First Class novel, Poetry and Essays
9:18
Original Relation with Nature
10:39
Ordinary Middle-Class Americans
10:56
New Industrial Society
11:35
Henry David Thoreau
12:04
Lives of Quiet Desperation
12:16
Self-Realization
12:34
Walden and Life in the Woods
13:10
Resistance to Civil Government
13:36
The Defense of Nature
16:34
The Rapid Economic Development
17:00
Inspiration and Spirituality
17:17
Gender Roles Redefined
17:49
Woman in the Nineteenth Century
17:59
Mystical Relationship with God
18:53
The Questioning of Gender Roles
19:23
Emergence of a Broad Array of Movement
19:49
Romanticism
19:57
Order and Control
20:33
Slavery Overshadowed
21:25
Romanticism and Nationalism
21:49
The Need to Improve the American Culture
21:55
Romanticism for Inspiration
22:05
Literature and the Quest for Liberation
22:19
Washington Irving's James Fenimore Cooper
22:59
Walt Whitman
23:43
Democracy, The liberation of the Individual and the Pleasures of the Flesh
24:04
Herman Melville
24:28
Strength of Individual Will
24:47
Edgar Allen Poe
25:09
BrookFarm: A Utopian Experiment
25:33
Nathaniel Hawthorne
25:35
Brook Farm
25:56
Form of Socialism
26:13
All Share in the Leisure
26:36
Southern Literature
27:40
Historical Romances of the Plantation System
27:50
William Gilmore Simms
28:13
The Lives of Ordinary People and Poor Whites
28:49
Mark Twain
29:09
American Landscape Painting
29:15
Hudson River School
29:25
Nature is the Source of Wisdom
29:50
Albert Bierstadt and Thomas Moran
30:45
Examples of Landscape Painting
30:53
Example 1
31:45
Example 2
34:08
Abolitionism

46m 20s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:05
Free Blacks Urge Others to “Elevate”
1:17
Social Uplift
1:19
Whites Led Mob Attack Against Blacks
3:25
Moderates and Extremists
3:48
The Antislavery Movement
4:04
American Colonization Society
4:15
Gradual Manumission of Slaves
4:48
Decline of Antislavery Movement
5:30
Abolitionists
5:36
Free African Americans
6:21
Threat of Being Kidnapped
7:10
Liberator
8:07
Moderate and Extreme Approaches
8:20
Advocating for Moderate Approach
8:29
Radical Abolitionists
8:56
Evangelical Christians
10:32
William Lloyd Garrison
11:01
Newspaper: Liberator
11:08
Reject Gradualism
12:42
New England Antislavery Society
13:04
David Walker
13:36
Walker's Appeal to the Colored Citizens
14:01
National Convention in Philly
15:10
Collective Equality for All Blacks
15:40
Nat Turner
16:06
Bloody Revolt in Southampton Country, Virginia
16:55
Turner's Men
17:40
The Virginia Legislature
19:30
Southern States Toughened their Slave Codes
20:00
The Underground Railroad
20:21
Frederick Douglass
23:10
Most Powerful Abolitionists and Orators
23:13
North Star in Rochester, NY
23:35
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
24:35
Friend with Garrison
25:34
Douglass and the North Star
27:01
Other Evangelical Abolitionists
27:11
Theodore Dwight Weld
27:18
Angelina and Sarah Grimke
27:39
American Anti-Slavery Society
29:31
Sojourner Truth
29:56
Anti-Abolitionism
32:12
Backlash Against Abolitionist Movement
32:14
Prudence Crandall
32:56
Abolitionist Headquarters
33:27
Amistad
33:35
The Spanish Slave Vessel Amistad
33:39
Prigg v. PA
34:18
Federal Fugitive Slave Laws
34:47
Abolitionists and Politics
35:04
Ban Interstate Slave Trade and Abolish Slavery
35:10
Restrict the Use of Mail
35:28
The Liberty Party
35:55
James G. Birney
36:11
Free Soil
36:21
Women's Rights
37:38
Example 1
38:09
Example 2
40:46
Example 3
43:09
Women's Rights Movement and Antebellum Reform

46m 20s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:07
Education Reforms
1:05
Horace Mann
1:56
Reorganized the School System
2:25
Literacy Rate
2:54
Experimental Schools
5:17
Self-Realization
5:23
Perkins School
5:44
Social Value and Democratize the U.S.
6:03
Rehabilitation
6:19
The Asylum Movement
6:34
Dorothea Dix
6:45
The Rise of Feminism
8:09
Sarah and Angelina Grimke
9:11
Other Reformers
9:37
Married Women's Property Acts
10:09
Seneca Falls
10:40
Society of Friends
10:44
Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions
11:39
The Women's Right
13:11
Declaration of Sentiments
13:38
Quakers Influence Feminist Movement
14:36
Sexual Equality
14:47
Stanton Were Quakers
15:25
Lucy Stone
16:26
Emma Willard
17:08
Catherine Beecher
17:21
Feminist Style of Clothing
17:39
Bloomer
17:42
Amelia Bloomer
17:54
Example 1
18:54
Example 2
21:08
Example 3
23:30
Section 5: Period 5: 1844-1877
Manifest Destiny, Westward Expansion, And Increased Sectionalism

43m 51s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:08
Westward Expansion
3:17
Manifest Destiny
5:25
Penny Press
7:10
Empire of Liberty
7:50
John Gast's American Progress
8:05
Americans in Texas
10:03
Interested in Texas
10:14
American Immigration Into Texas
12:02
Stephen Austin
12:47
Revolt Broke Out
13:20
Stephen Austin: “The father of Texas” and Sam Houston, the First President of the Republic of Texas
13:36
Tensions between U.S. and Mexico
14:02
Legalize Slavery
14:10
Instability in Mexico
15:33
Independence of Texas
16:07
Battle of San Jacinto
16:20
U.S. Settlements and The Texas War of Independence
17:09
U.S. Annexation of Texas
17:09
Southern Democrats
17:38
Election of 1844
17:47
President martin Van Buren Refused
18:30
Main Battles in the Texas War of Independence
18:55
Oregon
19:51
U.S. and British Sovereignty
19:58
The Catholic Missionaries From Canada
20:30
Oregon Fever
20:55
A Measles Epidemic
21:32
Huge Westward Migration and Trails
21:50
Great Overland Trails
22:13
Gender Lines
23:26
Expansion Issue Politicized
23:37
The Election of 1844
23:39
President Tyler
23:48
James Polk
24:27
Fifty Four Forty or Fight
24:38
Compromise over Oregon And The Southwest
25:26
Border 49th Parallel
25:30
The Northern Border of Oregon
25:50
Zachary Taylor
26:13
The Mexican American War
26:30
Map of the U.S.-Mexican War
26:43
U.S.-Mexican War
28:30
John Slidell
28:34
Whig Critics
28:54
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
29:19
Mexican Cession
29:42
Polk Supports Extending the Missouri Compromise Line
30:43
Banning Slavery North of the Line and Permitting it South of the Line
31:19
Popular Sovereignty
31:31
The Sectional Debate Heats Up
31:41
Polk's Expansionist Agenda
32:05
The Wilmot Proviso
32:44
A Threat to Republican Liberties and White Yeoman Farming
33:38
Dissent and Divergence
34:08
Dissenter of the U.S.-Mexican War
34:27
Frederick Douglass
35:46
Diverging Views of Douglass and Garrison
36:46
Example 1
37:32
Example 2
40:54
Example 3
41:50
The Expansion of Slavery and Resistance to its Expansion

1h 5m

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:09
Election of 1848
1:10
Free-Soil Party
2:04
Taylor Won
2:38
Antislavery Democrats: “ Barnburners”
2:54
The California Gold Rush
4:26
Increased in Non-Native American Population
5:39
Forty-Niners
5:56
Chinese Migrants
6:38
The California Gold Rush Images and Map
7:27
California and Gold Rush Map
9:41
Effects of the Gold Rush
10:34
A Labor Shortage
10:36
Indian Hunters
11:17
Heterogeneous Population
11:50
Rising Sectional Differences
12:05
The Balance of Slave and Free States
12:12
Personal Liberty Laws and Fugitive Slave Laws
12:34
A Series of Compromises
13:14
Compromise of 1850
13:30
Fillmore
14:48
California Join the Union as a Free State
14:55
Fugitive Slave Law
15:17
Temporarily Preserved the Union
16:37
Map of the Compromise of 1850
16:43
Crisis of the 1850s
17:39
Franklin Pierce
17:45
Young America
19:59
The Ostend Manifesto
19:24
Railroads, Slavery, and Sectionalism
20:02
Westward Expansion
20:11
Better Communication
20:28
Gadsen Purchase
20:50
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
21:45
Popular Sovereignty
22:03
Missouri Compromise was Repealed
23:01
A Scramble of Pro- and Anti-slavery Settlers
23:42
Republican Party
24:05
Anti-Nebraska Dems
24:25
Map of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
24:48
Bleeding Kansas
25:39
Pro-Slavery Forces
26:23
Free-Staters
26:29
President Pierce
26:51
John Brown
28:16
Pottawatomie Massacre
28:42
Tragic Prelude
29:04
Charles Summer's “The Crime Against Kansas”
30:46
Free-Soil Ideology
32:40
Northern Whites Believed that Slavery was Dangerous
32:52
Antithesis of Democracy
33:57
The Free Soil Party
34:34
A Critical View: “The Hurly-Burly Pot”
34:55
The Pro-Slavery Argument
37:52
Uncle Tom's Cabin
37:58
The Pro-Slavery Argument
38:37
Superior Southern Way of life
39:03
“Cotton is King”
39:19
Election of 1856
39:51
John Fremont
40:13
Increasing the Support of the Republican Party
41:17
Sectionalism of the Realigned Political Parties
42:14
A Surge in Nativism
42:26
Nativism
43:13
The American Party
44:11
Know-Nothing Party
44:20
The Dred Scott Decision
44:16
An Army Surgeon
45:04
Circuit Court
45:26
John Sanford
45:29
Chief Justice Taney's Stance
46:28
No Claim to Citizenship
46:35
The MO Compromise
47:33
Great Controversy
47:48
Deadlock Over Kansas
48:11
Buchanan Timidly Endorsed the Dred Scott Case
48:18
Lecompton Constitution
48:28
Buchanan Pressured Congress
48:55
KS as a Free State
49:18
Significant Congressional Election of 1858
49:28
Sectional Crisis
49:36
Lincoln-Douglas
50:30
House Divided
51:38
The Spread of Free Labor
53:03
The Rise of Lincoln
53:18
Freeport Doctrine
53:36
A National Following
54:47
Lost the Majority of Democrats of the House
55:10
Lincoln and Douglas
55:21
John Brown's Raid
55:34
John Brown's Statement
56:08
Seized a Mountain Fortress
56:50
Brown Surrendered
57:07
Example 1
57:40
Example 2
1:00:29
Example 3
1:02:25
The Civil War, Part 1

44m

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:05
The Election of 1860
1:53
Divided Democrats
2:45
A Free-Soil Platform
2:56
Momentous Consequences
3:58
Storming the Castle
4:26
The National Game, Three “Outs” and One “Run”
7:12
The Election of 1860 Voting Results
7:53
The Appeal of Abraham Lincoln
8:52
Reputation for Eloquence
9:02
Signal to White Southerners
9:36
Secession and the Fire-eaters
9:44
South Carolina Convention
9:48
Confederate States of America
10:18
Jefferson Davis
10:27
Buchanan's Response and the Crittenden Plan
10:39
Fort Sumter
11:30
The Crittenden Compromise
11:53
Constitutional Amendment
12:10
Extension of Missouri Compromise Line
12:25
Lincoln Inaugurated and In Command
12:49
Refuse the Extension of Missouri Compromise Line
13:05
Union Constituted Insurrection
13:49
The Upper South Chooses Sides
14:01
State Militiamen
14:14
Border States
14:50
Setting Wars Objectives and Strategies
15:41
Defense of Confederacy
15:45
Unconditional Surrender
16:09
George B. McClellan
16:50
Battle Of Shiloh
17:20
The Anaconda Plan
17:43
Blockading the Gulf of Mexico
18:40
Starve the South into Submission
18:48
Seizing the Mississippi River
19:07
The Defensive Strategy of the Confederacy
20:06
Strategy of the South
20:13
General Robert E. Lee
20:21
Problems with Military Generals for the Union
20:28
Confederate Army under “Stonewall” Jackson
21:12
Battle at Antietam Creek
21:50
Joseph Fighting Joe Hooker
22:57
Both Sides Forced Into “Total War”
23:11
The First Legally Binding Draft
24:03
Rich Man's War and a Poor Man's Fight
24:45
Unenforceable Southerners
25:02
The Union and Total War
25:15
The Union's Militia Act of 1862
25:20
German and Irish Immigrants
26:10
15000 Confederate Sympathizers
27:05
Draft Riots of 1863
28:06
Aftermath of Draft Riots
29:16
Riots in New York City
29:52
A Plea for Churches
29:55
Financial Relief
29:58
Medical Services During the War
30:42
The Union Army Medical Bureau
31:27
U.S. Sanitary Commission
31:36
Dorothea Dix
32:06
Women Participated in Military Duties
33:00
Women and the Civil War
33:15
Mobilizing Resources
34:00
Mass Production
34:11
King Cotton
34:55
Rebel Government as a Belligerent Power
35:05
Federal Subsidies for Railroads
35:48
The Homestead Act
36:10
Economic Differences
36:59
Less Coherent Economic Policy
37:03
Legal Tender Act of 1862
37:41
Inflation Increased
38:03
Example 1
38:32
Example 2
40:03
Example 3
42:15
The Civil War, Part 2

43m 47s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:05
The Road to Emancipation
1:50
Struggle Against Slavery
2:44
Contrabands
3:35
First Confiscation Act in 1861
4:28
Wilmot Proviso
5:17
Wilmot Proviso Map
5:30
Contrabands
5:49
Union Lines
5:52
Slavery Began to Disintegrate
6:03
Lincoln Plans to Emancipate
6:34
Second Confiscation
6:38
Initial Draft of Emancipation
7:10
Emancipation Proclamation
8:12
Urged Slaves to Abstain from all Violence
10:13
Freedom to Slaves!
10:25
Abe Lincoln's Last Card Or Rouge-et-Noir
12:31
Vicksburg and Gettysburg
14:09
Vicksburg
14:46
The Battle at Gettysburg
15:30
Davis Supporters
16:39
Gettysburg Address
17:09
Dedication of the Cemetery for the Union War Dead
17:40
New Birth of Freedom
17:48
A War for Union and Freedom
17:59
The Turning Point
20:35
Own Regiments
20:48
The Emancipation Proclamation
21:01
White Resistance to Conscription
21:22
Segregated Military
21:53
Ulysses S. Grant Charge
22:04
Ulysses S. Grant
22:15
Fight a Modern War
23:00
Union and Confederate Soldiers
23:33
Barren Waste
23:52
General Philip H Sheridan
23:57
The Definition of Conventional Warfare
24:08
African American Man Picks Up Skeletons
24:52
The Elections of 1864
25:29
Constitutional Amendment to Abolish Slavery
25:37
National Union Party
25:45
Map of the Election of 1864
26:45
Post-Election
27:18
Potential Invalidity of Emancipation Proclamation
27:30
Legality of Abolishing Slavery
27:53
Sherman's March
28:10
Accelerated the Pace of Emancipation
28:23
The 13th Amendment
28:33
General William Tecumseh Sherman
29:00
Sherman's March Map
29:12
The Aftermath of Sherman's March
30:17
Destruction brought by Sherman
30:20
Wreak Vengeance
30:45
A Manpower Shortage
30:58
Lee's Surrender at Appomattox Court House
31:11
Appomattox Court House
31:32
Cost of Victory
31:48
The Conquest of the South, 1861-1865
32:35
Casualties and Loss
33:10
The Lost of the South
33:32
Destroyed Cities
33:46
The Thirteenth Amendment Passed
34:14
Jurisdiction
35:07
Abolish Slavery
35:12
Example 1
36:19
Example 2
38:36
Example 3
41:33
Section 6: Period 6: 1865-1898
Reconstruction, Part 1

49m 57s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:06
Reconstruction
1:32
Readmitting the Southern States
2:15
Bind Up the Nation's Wounds
4:27
Freedom Beyond Emancipation
5:24
Rebellious States
6:22
Presidential Reconstruction
6:29
Separation of Power
6:59
Ten Percent Plan
7:41
Lenient Policy
8:33
Congressional Reconstruction
9:37
Wade-Davis Bill
10:00
An Oath of Allegiance
10:13
Pocket veto
10:54
Lincoln Was Assassinated
11:34
Ford's Theater
11:45
The Four Co-conspirators
12:19
Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction
13:16
Andrew Johnson
13:25
Appointed Provisional Governors
14:56
Rejoining the Union
15:20
Black Codes and Backlash
15:34
Black Codes
16:10
Refuse to Admit the Southern Delegations
18:31
The Black Codes
19:08
Freedmen's Bureau
20:08
Lyman Trumbull
21:34
Securing the Civil Rights of the Freedmen
22:26
What Type of Labor System
22:52
Battles in the Sea Islands
22:56
True Freedom
23:52
Gang-Labor System
25:08
White Man's Government
25:33
White Supremacy
26:55
Turned to Washington
27:06
Congress Versus the President
27:17
Freedmen's Bureau Bill
27:24
Trumbull's Civil Rights Bill
27:39
14th Amendment to the Constitution
29:12
Fourteenth Amendment
29:24
All Persons Born or Naturalized in the United States
29:34
The Equal Protection of the Laws
29:53
Civil Rights Act
31:38
Johnson's Response
32:00
The Fourteenth Amendment Became a Campaign Issue
32:45
Waving the Bloody Shirt
32:57
The Civil Rights of Ex-Slaves
33:54
Radical Republicans
34:07
Party's Abolitionist Strain
34:21
Remaking Southern Society
35:55
Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner
36:52
The Reconstruction Act of 1867
36:54
Five Military Districts
37:12
Prewar Political Class
37:32
The Tenure of Office
37:48
Replace Edwin M. Stanton by General Ulysses S. Grant
38:18
Impeachment of Johnson
38:47
Impeachment
39:03
Tenure of Office Act
39:31
Horatio Seymour
40:31
Impeachment of Johnson, 1867
40:49
Example 1
41:22
Example 2
44:09
Example 3
47:15
Reconstruction, Part 2

50m

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:06
Women's Suffrage Denied
1:24
Women's Suffrage
2:35
National Women's Suffrage Association
3:17
Modern Feminist Movement
3:37
Out in the Cold
3:57
Republican Rule in the South
5:38
Congressional Stipulations
5:57
Scalawags
6:47
Carpetbaggers
7:09
Martial Law in the South
8:36
The Republican Program
9:39
Black Officeholders
9:54
Modernized State Constitutions
10:04
Tax Assessors and Collectors
10:58
Republican Reconstruction
11:20
Public Credit Collapsed
11:26
Education as the Foundation
13:12
New African American Churches
13:31
African Americans Take a Greater Role in Politics
14:16
Greater Role in Politics
14:18
The Assemble will Demand Revenge
15:13
Robert Brown Elliot
15:47
African Americans in Government
16:15
Hiram Revels
16:26
Robert Smalls
16:32
Blanche K. Bruce
16:40
African American Majority
17:11
The Quest of Land
18:00
Overcome Poverty
18:20
Southern Homestead Act of 1866
19:15
Ex-Confederates
19:40
Sharecropping
20:04
Sharecropping
20:32
A Lien on the Crop
21:37
A Pretext for Peonage
21:54
Barrow Plantation
22:55
Ownership of Land after Reconstruction
23:55
Devastating to Southern Agriculture
24:29
Violence in the South: Backlash
25:02
Counterrevolution
25:35
A Threat to White Supremacy
26:33
Nathan Bedford Forrest
27:15
The KKK Act of 1871
28:13
Worse Than Slavery
28:36
One Vote Less
29:51
Democratic Backlash
30:21
Prosecuting the KKK
30:56
The Klan
31:02
Prosecuting Klansmen
31:40
Democrats Overthrew Republicans Government
32:51
The Undoing of Reconstruction
33:04
Redeemers
33:17
Massive Black Barbarism
33:53
The Civil Rights Bill
34:48
The End of Reconstruction
35:08
Selling Their Votes for Money
35:14
Refashioned Themselves as Liberals
35:48
Grant Turned a Blind Eye
36:45
Grant Wins and Scandals Ensue
37:11
Whiskey Ring
37:54
White House
38:07
Credit Mobiler
38:49
Depression
39:20
The Bankruptcy of the Northern Pacific Railway
39:28
Freedman's Savings and Trust Company
40:05
Lost its Moral Claim on the Country
40:39
Grantism
41:13
Scandal-Ridden Administration
41:18
Triumphant Foreign Tour
41:35
The Political Crisis of 1877
41:46
Home Rule
42:02
Disputed Votes to Hayes
42:45
Hayes was Inaugurated
43:03
The End of Reconstruction
43:23
Compromise of 1877
43:28
3 Rights-Defining Amendments
44:00
Example 1
45:01
Example 2
46:12
Example 3
47:52
The American West

58m 16s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:05
The U.S. Frontier and Industrialism
2:47
Post Civil War Republican Vision
4:05
Laissez-Faire Approach
5:04
Spread of American Industrialism Movement
6:50
The Great Plains and The West
7:05
Semiarid Great Plains
7:13
Arid West
7:20
Small Pox and Measles
7:43
Map of the U.S.
8:13
Native American Tribes and Lands Ceded
9:26
The Sioux
10:48
Antelope and Buffalo
11:03
Pawnees, Mandans and Euro-Americans
11:34
Westward Migration Into “Indian Country”
11:42
American Fever
12:24
Exodusters and Kansas
13:00
Union Pacific and Central Pacific
13:29
Telegraph Lines
13:56
Farming and Railroads in the West
14:05
Cattle Raising
14:06
New Technologies
15:22
Settlement of the Great Plains
16:37
The Transcontinental Railroad
17:03
Promontory Point, UT
17:18
Gold Rush in 1849
17:36
The Increase of Non-Native American Population
18:14
Hit the Trails
18:26
Chinese
18:48
Gold Rush and Cattle Ranching
19:18
Silver Mining and Other Industries
20:15
Open-Range Ranching
21:05
Long Drive
21:56
Cowboys and Buffalo Bill's Wild West
22:57
Buffalo Bill
23:22
The Wild West Show
23:56
Little Annie Oakley
24:40
The Wild West Show
25:59
Homesteaders and Homestead Act of 1862
27:24
Homestead Act of 1862
27:40
The U.S. Geological Survey
29:08
Department of the Interior
29:14
Farming and the Grange
29:23
Meat Packing Industry
29:41
National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry
31:07
Oliver H. Kelley
31:20
Montgomery Ward
31:41
Oliver Kelley, Founder of the Grange
32:13
Native Americans and the West
32:36
A Peace Commission in 1867
32:58
Bureau of Indian Affairs
33:30
Reservations
34:03
SW Dakota Territory
35:05
Apaches, Navajos and Utes
35:22
Fort Laramie Treaty
35:45
Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce
36:16
Battle of Little Big Horn
37:45
The Nez Perce
37:48
George Custer
38:37
Little Big Horn
38:54
Assimilation Polices
39:49
Education and Religious Indoctrination of American Indians
40:13
The Carlisle Boarding School
40:33
Helen Hunt Jackson
41:26
A Century of Dishonor
41:31
Helen Hunt Jackson and Dawes Severalty Act
42:03
Private Property and Severalty
42:17
The Dawes Act
43:07
Indian Education
43:37
The Ghost Dance
44:11
Native American Civilization
44:26
Wovoka
44:32
Wounded Knee, 1890
45:21
The Long War of Suppression of the Plains Indians
46:07
The End of Indian Wars
46:22
Railroad Workers, Miners and Cowboys
46:56
The Diverse West and California
47:12
The High Sierras
47:31
Asian Migration
47:48
The Six Companies
47:55
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
48:10
Chinese Exclusion Act
48:43
Japanese Immigrants
49:10
Biased Anti-Chinese Imagery
49:34
Golden California
50:25
Mark Twain and Bret Harte
50:50
Southern Pacific Railroad
51:12
John Muir
51:26
Sierra Club
51:45
Public Parks Established
52:03
Rampant Overdevelopment
52:32
Yosemite Valley
52:38
Yellowstone Valley
52:47
Example 1
53:20
Example 2
55:48
The Rise of the Industrial U.S.

50m 27s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:06
The Age of Steel
2:37
The Bessemer Process
3:54
Andrew Carnegie
4:36
U.S. Steel Corporation
5:04
Andrew Carnegie
5:16
Rags to Riches
5:31
Vertical Integration
6:22
Carnegie Steel
6:53
Two Carnegeian Influential Ideologies
7:38
Social Darwinism
8:18
William Graham Sumner
10:37
Gospel of Wealth
11:07
Philanthropy
11:30
The Railroad Business
12:26
Increase of Railroad Construction
12:58
John Murray Forbes, Cornelius Vanderbilt and James Hill
13:52
Investment Banks
14:12
Map of Railroad Development
14:44
Corporate Consolidation
15:44
Scarcity of Jobs and Money
16:24
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
17:53
Corporate Consolidation
18:38
Corporations
18:54
Corporation
19:03
Limited Liability
19:39
Dominated by a Few Individuals
20:36
Big Four
21:11
Cornelius Vanderbilt
21:40
Robber Baron
22:08
Horatio Alger
23:47
Synonym for Enormous Wealth and Excessive Corporate
24:42
“Modern Colossus of Roads” by Joseph Keppler in Puck in 1879
24:56
The Great Strike of 1877
25:28
Railroad Mogul
25:34
The Great Strike of 1877
25:47
Fall of Railroad Building
27:25
Manufacturing Output Increased
28:10
John D. Rockefeller
28:35
Black Gold
28:43
Horizontal Integration
29:36
Cut-Throat Competition
29:49
Vertical and Horizontal Integration
30:29
Gustavus Swift and Philip Armour's Meatpacking
31:45
Dominated Meatpacking
31:56
Refrigerator Cars
32:12
Other Businesses
32:31
Tobacco, Farm Machinery, Sewing Machine and Cereals
32:35
Cartels
32:44
Trusts
32:53
Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
33:50
The Basic Federal Antimonopoly Law
34:04
Congress Government Intervention in the Free Economy
34:43
United States v. E.C. Knight
35:52
Standard Oil Company v. United States
36:19
Laissez-Faire, and the Gilded Age
37:48
Laissez-Faire Approach
38:14
Industrial Giant
38:49
The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today
38:58
Democratic Vistas
39:43
Chromo Civilization
39:50
The Gilded Age
39:58
Glittery
40:09
Crass Corruption
40:27
Robber Barons: History Repeats Itself
41:26
Robber Barons
42:31
Example 1
43:13
Example 2
45:29
Example 3
46:53
Working People and the Labor Movement in the Gilded Age

38m 41s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:07
The World of Work
2:14
Farm Folk and Artisans
2:37
White-Collar Jobs
3:03
Negative Aspects of Urban Life
4:19
Outside Labor For Industries
5:13
Types of Jobs
6:53
Working Trends
8:10
Women Working More for Wages
8:24
Race, Ethnicity and Gender
9:04
Mechanized Jobs
9:43
Collective Bargaining
10:00
Immigration Affects the Working World
10:53
Huge Migration from the old World
11:04
Austrian, Hungarians and other Slavic People
11:20
The Labor Movement
12:09
The Knights of Labor
12:22
Cooperative Commonwealth
13:30
Social Reforms
13:55
Collective Bargaining and Closed Shops
14:02
Terence Powderly
14:16
Closed Shops
15:15
Open to all who Toiled
15:47
The Woman's Bureau of the Knights
15:55
The Knights Boycotted Against Gould
16:15
Boycott Against Unfair Employers
16:34
Jay Gould's Southwestern Railway System
16:39
Disorganized Strike
17:20
Haymarket Square Incident
17:38
Blamed on Anarchists
16:20
An Antiunion Hysteria
18:52
Yellow-Dog Contracts
19:30
The Knights of Labor
20:21
The AFL
20:28
American Federation of Labor
20:35
National Trade Unions
21:26
Bread and Butter Issues
21:39
Samuel Gompers
22:15
Samuel Gompers, Unions and Modern Strikes
22:53
Homestead Strike
24:21
Henry Frick
24:41
Put an End to Trade Unions in the Steel Industry
25:45
Pullman Strike
26:13
President Cleveland
26:57
Secondary Labor Boycott
27:16
Contempt of Court
28:24
In re Debs in 1895
28:50
The use of Injunctions against Strikes
29:04
Socialism and the American Socialist Party
29:15
The IWW
30:07
The Wobblies
30:13
Marxist Class Struggle
30:19
General Strike
30:27
Syndicalism
30:33
Influence of Socialism and Debs
31:06
Social Darwinists
31:28
Eugene Debs
32:02
Labor Unions
32:19
Example 1
33:02
Example 2
35:40
Example 3
37:09
Immigration, Urban, Culture and Politics

48m 51s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:07
Ward Politics and Political Bosses
0:56
Urban Political Machines
1:40
Tammany Hall in New York
1:56
Grassroots Constituency
3:10
Boss Tweed
4:30
The Political Machine and Corruption
5:34
George Plunkitt
7:13
Regular System
7:21
Honest Graft
7:43
Social Changes
10:54
Class Society
11:00
Increase in Suburbanization
11:25
American Woman's Home Journal
12:19
A Clash of Values
12:51
The Victorian Ideal of Domesticity
13:09
Clash of Victorian Ideas
13:59
Comstock Law
14:35
Religion and Secularism in the City
15:26
Orthodox Judaism
16:15
Catholic Church
17:25
Protestant Churches
18:04
Working-Class Culture and Journalism
19:10
Working-Class Culture
19:28
Joseph Pulitzer
20:05
Heart's New York Journal
20:14
The Higher Culture
21:58
The Corcoran Gallery of Art
22:12
Symphony Orchestras
22:53
Increase in Public Libraries
23:08
The Gilded Age
24:46
Ellis Island and Angel Island
25:31
Ellis Island
26:15
Angel Island
27:02
Paper Sons and Paper Daughters
28:00
The Immigrant Experience
28:36
“Old” and “New” Immigrants
31:12
Immigrant Challenges and Opportunities
32:06
Fraternal Organizations
32:34
Labor Force in Factories
35:25
Backlash Against Immigrants
35:57
The “Land of Milk and Honey”
37:18
Old Immigrants
38:05
Push and Pull
38:19
Immigration Cartoons
38:25
Urban Life: Technology Improves Life
39:49
New Forms of Transportation
40:25
Suburbs
40:45
Public-Works Programs
40:50
Skyscrapers and Subways
41:03
Frederick Law Olmsted's Central Park
41:18
Designed in 1860s
42:14
Inspired Other Parks
42:18
Urban Problems
42:29
Tenements
42:33
Poor Conditions
42:45
Example 1
43:32
Example 2
44:42
Example 3
45:57
The New South and The Farmers Mobilize

45m 21s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:07
Frontier Thesis
3:07
Jackson Turner
3:48
The Significance of the Frontier in American History
4:25
The Decline of the Dominance of Rural America
6:17
A “New South”
7:19
Economic Growth in the South
7:34
Henry Grady
8:31
Tax Exemptions
8:43
The “New South”
9:10
Poverty in the South
10:02
Mostly Agricultural
10:06
Lacked Technological Skills
10:17
Cycle of Poverty
10:46
George Washington Carver
11:09
Class, Race and Politics in the New South
11:50
Inequality
12:14
Redeemers
12:32
Gerrymandering
13:10
Readjusters
13:24
The Colored Farmers' Alliance
15:04
Discrimination and Jim Crow
15:21
White Man's Party and the Solid South
15:57
Problems at the Polls
16:17
Court Cases and Discrimination
18:09
Civil Rights Cases of 1883
18:44
Plessy v. Ferguson
19:11
Williams v. Mississippi
21:42
Civil Rights Activists Fight Back
22:22
Boycotts of Streetcars
22:48
Ida Wells-Barnett's Anti-Lynching Campaign
23:03
Booker T. Washington and W.E.B Du Bois
24:33
Farmers Face Problems
25:11
Grange Movement
25:41
The Farmers' Alliances
26:14
The National Alliance
26:48
The Populist Movement
27:44
A Catalyst for Political Crisis
28:25
A Class Ideology
29:13
Omaha Convention
29:44
The Texas Alliance's Subtreasury Plan
30:03
Women Populists
30:37
Populist Movement
30:48
Raise Less Corn and More Hell
30:56
Election of 1862 Map
31:18
The Texas Alliance's Subtreasury System
32:09
Public Warehouse
32:26
Subtreasury
32:40
Rejected by the Democrats
33:05
Railroad Regulations
33:23
Munn v. Illinois
33:57
For the Common Good
34:22
Richard B. Olney and Roscoe Conkling
34:46
Replaced by Judges with Pro-Business Records
34:58
The Wabash Case
35:08
Infringed on the Exclusive power of Congress
35:27
Only the Federal Government Could Regulate Railroads
36:21
The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
36:32
The Interstate Commerce Act of 1886
36:39
ICC
36:41
Harrison, Cleveland and McKinley
38:12
Ineffective for the First 20 Years
38:23
Example 1
38:44
Example 2
40:51
Example 3
43:06
Politics of the Gilded Age

48m 1s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:06
Campaign Strategy of “Do-Little” Government
2:46
Close Elections
3:30
Campaigning
4:30
Senator Roscoe Conkling
5:53
Waving the Bloody Shirt
6:40
Big City Political Machines
6:58
Presidential Politics
7:24
Rutherford B. Hayes
7:28
James Garfield
8:31
The Great Presidential Puzzle
9:58
Roscoe Conkling
10:01
James A. Garfield
10:27
Presidential Politics
10:42
Chester A. Arthur
10:46
Pendleton Act
11:08
Grover Cleveland
11:59
Grover the Good
12:10
Another President Who Had a Rise in the World
13:11
The Toe-Path to the White House
13:16
New York Customs House
13:19
The Politics of the Status Quo
13:53
The Pendleton Act
14:11
Civil Service Commission
14:16
Excise Tax and tariff
14:47
Cultural Politics and the People
15:29
Politics Became a Form of Entertainment
15:51
Party Loyalty
15:54
Ethnocultural Issues
16:25
Republican Factions
16:47
Stalwarts
17:18
Roscoe Conkling's Faction
17:24
Half-breeds
17:41
James G Blaine
17:47
Blaine Covered in Scandals
18:14
Mugwumps
20:14
Mugwumps
20:27
Fence-Sitters
21:11
The Adoption of the Secret Ballot
21:40
Images of Mugwumps
21:54
Grover Cleveland
23:18
First Democrat
23:23
Treasury Crisis
23:50
The Money Question
24:29
Sound-Money
24:38
An Era of Chronic Deflation
25:02
Bland-Allison Act of 1878
25:14
Coxey's Army
25:46
Jacob Coxey
25:48
The Creation of Government Jobs
26:33
The Issus of Government Bonds
26:53
Assist the Unemployed
26:59
Women and Politics
27:49
National American Woman Suffrage Association
28:34
State Campaigns
29:06
Separate Spheres
29:38
Women and Temperance
30:31
Woman's Christian Temperance Union
30:34
Frances Willard
31:00
Carry Nation
32:01
Prohibition Supporters
32:39
Election of 1896
33:21
Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894
34:20
J.P. Morgan
34:35
William Jennings Bryan
35:07
Bryan's “Cross of Gold” Speech
35:41
The Democratic Silver Campaign
36:07
The Paralyzing Equilibrium
37:22
“Cross of Gold” Speech
37:50
Laboring Interests
38:00
The Toilers
38:02
Election of 1892 and 1896
38:43
McKinley's Consolidation
39:12
Republican Dominance in National Politics
39:43
Example 1
40:14
Example 2
42:55
Example 3
45:12
Section 7: Period 7: 1890 - 1945
Progressive Era, Part 1

45m 1s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:05
Progressivism
1:23
Social Justice
2:27
Industrialization or Urbanization
3:32
Corrupt Government Officials
4:02
Urban Middle Class
4:29
Jane Addams and Hull House
4:48
Jane Addams
4:58
Hull House
5:06
A New Sense of Urgency
5:25
Alleviate Social Problems
5:34
Settlement Movement
5:51
Progressive Ideas
6:33
William James
7:19
Walter Rauschenbusch
8:05
Muckrakers
8:36
Muckrakers
9:53
McClure's and Collier's
10:07
New Kind of Reform
10:19
Progress and Poverty
10:48
Effects of Laissez-Faire Economics
11:04
Inequalities Wealth
11:13
Looking Backward
11:28
A Cooperative Society
11:37
Greater Government Regulation
11:47
How the Other Half Lives
12:01
Jacob A. Riis
12:04
A Danish Immigrant
12:06
Immigrant Ghettoes
12:23
Women Progressives
13:17
Humanitarian Work
13:22
Josephine Shaw Lowell
13:28
National Consumers' League
14:10
A Wave for Protective Laws
15:07
Louis D. Brandeis
15:30
The People's Attorney
15:38
Brandeis Brief
16:17
Supreme Court Justice
17:37
Other Female Reformers
17:47
Margaret Sanger
17:52
American Birth Control League
18:23
National Association of Colored Women
18:42
National Women's Trade Union League
18:57
Suffrage Movement
19:22
The National Woman's Party
19:56
Woman Suffrage Association
20:54
The 19th Amendment
21:17
Images of Suffrage Movement
21:45
Urban Liberalism
22:02
The Needs of the Poor
22:08
Voluntarism
23:02
The Industrial Hazards and Accidents
23:35
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
23:49
New York State Factory Commission
26:31
Tammany
27:10
Cultural Pluralism Embattled
27:32
Progressive Goal
28:35
The Anti-Saloon League
29:01
Populist Ideas Implemented Into Politics
30:05
The Direct Primary
31:12
Initiative
31:30
Referendum
31:35
Recall
31:50
From the State to the Federal Level
32:09
Progressive Governors
32:43
Robert La Follette
32:55
Hiram Johnson
33:17
Theodore Roosevelt
33:29
Woodrow Wilson
33:39
Progressivism and National Politics
33:54
Teddy Roosevelt
35:08
Dakota Territory
35:22
Teddy Roosevelt
35:38
Civil Service Commission
35:47
Secretary of the Navy
35:50
Rough Riders
36:15
Trust Buster
36:37
Square Deal
36:38
Example 1
36:53
Example 2
40:20
Example 3
43:07
Progressive Era, Part 2

38m 58s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:04
TR's Square Deal, 1901-1909
1:04
Taking Advantage of Small Business
1:21
Trustbusting and Regulating
1:51
Coal Strike in 1902
2:34
Regulating the Railroads
3:16
Interstate Commerce Commission
3:20
Elkins Act in 1903
4:03
Hepburn Act in 1904
4:17
Regulating Food Industry
4:45
The Jungle
5:02
The Meat Inspection Act in 1906
7:26
The Pure Food and Drug Act and FDA
7:38
Slaughterhouse
8:11
The “Trust Buster”?
8:42
Bad Trusts
9:47
Good Trusts
9:54
Other Regulations
11:04
Sherman Antitrust Act
11:32
The Bureau of Corporations
12:02
Northern Securities Company
12:14
Standard Oil, American Tobacco and DuPont
12:41
Teddy's gentlemen's Agreement
13:06
Trans-Missouri Decision
13:19
Gentlemen's Agreement
14:36
The Infant Hercules and the Standard Oil Serpents
14:52
Environmental Regulations
15:02
Environmentalist or Conservationist
15:14
National Parks
15:22
Rational Use of Gifford Pinchot
15:51
National Reclamation Act
16:31
Republican Progressives Fracture
16:53
William Howard Taft
17:19
Payne-Aldrich Act
17:46
Whistle-Blowing on a Conspiracy
18:23
Joseph Cannon
18:42
Congress's Leading Conservative
19:01
Dictator
19:06
The Progressive Faction
19:14
Dissident Faction
19:29
Progressives or Insurgents
19:31
Standard Oil
19:51
Pursued Monopolies
20:46
Progressive Amendments Under Taft
20:54
16th Amendment
21:16
17th Amendment
21:20
Roosevelt Strikes Back
21:36
New Nationalism
21:38
Child Labor Law
21:53
Strong As a Bull Moose
22:10
Civil Rights Movement Heats Up
22:21
Booker T. Washington
22:38
Atlanta Compromise
23:10
W.E.B. Du Bois
23:41
The Soul of Black Folk
24:06
Niagara Movement
24:58
William Monroe Trotter
25:03
Niagara Falls
25:15
Comprehensive Education
25:30
The NAACP
25:45
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
25:53
Challenge Unfair Laws
26:09
The Urban League
26:31
Providing Welfare to Black Migrants
26:45
A Network Created
27:06
Woodrow Wilson's “New Freedom”
27:25
A Middle Way that Bears the Powers Of Government
27:42
Place Strict Government Controls on Corporation
28:13
New Freedom
28:20
Triple Wall of Privilege
28:26
The Underwood Tariff Act of 1913
28:38
Federal Reserve Act of 1913
29:07
The Federal Trade Commission
29:34
The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
30:00
The Federal Farm Loan Act
30:54
A Federal Child Labor Law
31:06
Example 1
31:18
Example 2
33:18
Example 3
36:20
Example 4
37:36
The U.S. Becomes a World Power

56m 1s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:08
The Roots of U.S. Imperialism
2:12
Abandon the Policy of Neutrality
4:00
Upgraded Navy
5:04
The Influences of Sea Power Upon History
5:16
Latin America and Asia
8:38
Economics Interests
8:54
Extractive Economies
9:10
Natural Resources and Raw Material
9:49
GDP Quadrupled and Businesses
10:09
Imperialist Nations
11:09
The Economy of Expansion
11:40
The Purchase of Alaska
13:19
William Seward
13:45
Natural Resources
14:19
U.S. In Asia and in the Pacific
15:05
Commodore Matthew Perry
15:14
Hawaiian Islands
16:46
Midway Islands
16:56
Pearl Harbor
17:25
Perry's Squadron in Japan
17:31
U.S. Possessions in the Pacific
17:54
The U.S. Annexes Hawaii
19:05
Sugar Plantations
19:32
Voting Rights
19:39
McKinley Tariff
20:14
An official U.S. Territory
21:41
William McKinley and Imperialist Influences
22:55
Assistant Secretary of the Navy
24:34
Henry Cabot Lodge
24:45
William Jennings Bryan and Grover Cleveland
25:51
Causes of Spanish-American War
26:10
Spain as a Declining Imperial Power
26:32
Cuban Independence Movement
27:42
Guerilla Tactics
28:00
Yellow Journalism
28:52
Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst
29:11
Yellow Press
29:18
The Maine
30:47
Hearst and Pulitzer
31:03
Cartoon of Hearst and Pulitzer
31:04
You Furnish the Pictures, and I'll furnish the war
31:49
Jingoism
32:08
Maine Blows Up
32:32
War with Spain
33:19
Remember the Maine
33:20
The Teller Amendment
33:36
Enlisted in the Army
34:15
The Duty of the Hour
34:36
Spanish-American Cuban War
35:54
Two Theaters of War
37:18
Commodore Dewey
37:20
The Rough Riders
37:46
Deaths in the War
38:17
Battle of San Juan Hill
38:38
Treaty of Paris and Aftermath
38:51
The U.S. bought Philippines
39:04
An Imperial Power
40:18
Splendid Little War
40:48
U.S. Foreign Policy
41:17
Anti-Imperialist concerns
41:39
Filipinos Rebel Against U.S. Rule
43:36
Emilio Aguinaldo
43:58
An Insurrection Against U.S. Rule
44:26
Death in the Fighting
44:52
U.S. Policy in Puerto Rico and Cuba
45:32
Puerto Rico
45:40
The Foraker Act
45:51
Insular Cases
46:58
The Jones-Shafroth Act
47:29
The Platt Amendment
47:56
The Platt Amendment
48:07
Lease Naval Stations to U.S.
48:36
Cuban Constitution
49:14
Example 1
50:01
Example 2
51:18
Example 3
53:21
U.S. Foreign Policy Under Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, and Woodrow Wilson

47m 55s

Intro
0:00
Overview
1:06
Roosevelt's “Big Stick” Policy
2:21
Strong Military Action
4:35
Civilize or Uplift Weaker Nations
5:00
Anglo-American Friendship
5:42
Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick
6:45
The U.S. Builds the Panama Canal
7:57
Ferdinand de Lesseps
8:08
Panama Route
9:16
Declared its Independence
9:25
Canal Zone
9:38
The Panama Canal
9:52
Commanding Commercial and Strategic Position
10:12
Control Malaria
10:41
Combat Several Tropical Diseases
11:04
Panama Canal
11:24
Roosevelt Corollary
11:47
Age of Economic Imperialism
12:11
Police Power
13:25
Latin Americans' Reactions
14:34
Aggressive Form with Mr. Roosevelt
15:27
Sovereignty and Liberty of Nicaraguans
15:33
U.S. Pursues Interests in China
16:10
Spheres of Influence
17:34
Secretary of State John Hay
18:35
Spheres of Influence
19:05
Chinese Response to Imperialism
20:24
The Boxer Rebellion
20:42
Western Devils
21:28
U.S. and Japanese Troops
21:55
Hay Reaffirms the Open Door Policy
22:26
Support Chinese Students
22:37
A Trade Relationship
22:57
Scholarships for Chinese Students
23:02
Tensions Between U.S. and Japan Rise
23:36
The Spheres of Influence in China
23:44
A Peace Treaty
24:17
The Root-Takahira Agreement of 1900
25:02
Anti-Asian Backlash in the U.S.
25:21
Prejudice Against Asian-Americans
26:09
Gentlemen's Agreement
26:58
Taft's Dollar Diplomacy
27:18
Increase U.S. Investments in Businesses
27:51
The Rationale
28:36
Chinese Revolution
29:17
Woodrow Wilson Shifts the Foreign Policy
29:52
Anti-Imperialist William Jennings Bryan
30:57
Moral Diplomacy
31:17
Agreement with Haiti
32:15
Dominican Republic and Mexico
32:35
U.S. and Mexican Revolution
32:43
Caudillos and Coup d'etats
33:46
Counsel Mexico for its Own Good
34:47
Venustiano Carranza
35:08
U.S. “Punitive Expedition”
35:50
Francisco Poncho Villa and Emiliano Zapata
35:58
Punitive Expedition
37:10
Tension Were Brewing in Europe
37:55
Triple Alliance and Dual Alliance
38:24
Triple Entente
38:44
The Apostle of Peace
39:50
Triple Alliance and Triple Entente
40:13
International Efforts for Peace
40:29
Hague Peace Conference of 1899
40:31
Erosion of the Nation's Sovereignty
40:47
Cooling Off Treaties
40:59
Example 1
41:32
Example 2
43:33
Example 3
46:03
The Great War

45m 12s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:06
Causes of the Great War
0:47
A Brutal War Between European Nations
2:32
Franco-Prussian War
3:02
Nationalism
3:28
Europe Map, 1914
4:40
Assassination Hurtles Europe Toward WW1
6:11
Archduke Francis Ferdinand
6:24
Young Bosnia
7:57
Kaiser William II
8:41
Fighting Breaks Out
8:56
Ultimatum
9:07
Austria-Hungary Declares War
9:22
Pan-Slavism
9:26
Trench Warfare and Deadly Weapons
10:28
No Man's Land
11:32
War of Attrition
11:47
Western Front
12:09
Modern Weapons
12:47
Wilson Urges For Neutrality
13:09
U.S. Exceptionalism
13:29
Isolationists, Interventionists and the Internationalists
15:10
Key Events in 1915 and 1916
15:57
No Longer Attack Passenger Ships Without Warning
16:17
German Invasion of Neutral Belgium
16:29
A Slim Margin
17:03
Early Anti-War Sentiments
17:30
Domestic Divisions
17:40
Cancellation of Irish Home Rule
17:48
Robert La Follette of Wisconsin and George Norris of NE
18:08
Andrew Carnegie and Henry Ford
18:59
Pro-War Propaganda
19:08
Wilson Abandons Neutrality
20:43
Blockade Against Britain
20:48
Lusitania
21:13
Sussex
22:30
The National Defense Act
22:48
The Naval Construction Act
22:52
Sinking of Lusitania
23:00
The Zimmermann Note
23:27
Germans Proposed an Alliance with Mexico
23:39
Intercepted Telegram
23:58
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
24:07
The Home Front
24:21
The Lives of Ordinary Americans
24:58
Conscription
25:10
Doughboys
25:46
Slackers
25:53
We Want You!
26:03
Wartime Economy
27:24
War Industries Board
28:15
Bernard Baruch
28:26
The Food Administration
28:47
The Committee on Public Information
29:18
George Creel Directed the CPI
30:02
More Propaganda Posters and Songs
31:12
Opposition and Hope For Minorities
33:57
Conscientious Objectors
34:19
Women's Peace Party
34:39
The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
34:46
Segregated Regiments
35:25
Crackdown on Dissent
37:28
Espionage Act
38:18
The Sedition Act
38:46
Example 1
39:39
Example 2
40:39
Example 3
42:50
The End of the Great War, Its Effect, and The Interwar Period

40m 27s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:08
The War Changes U.S. Society
1:02
More Opportunities for Women
2:15
American Women's Hospital Service
2:50
The Great Migration
4:07
Race Riots
4:19
Barrios
4:44
Protesters Finally Reach Their Goal
4:52
Great Migration
5:32
Wilson , War and Peace
6:46
Entering the War
6:50
Convoying
8:21
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
9:07
The End of the War
9:48
Eddie Rickenbacker
9:55
Compiegne, France
10:47
Casualties
11:10
Armistice
11:23
“Peace Without Victory”
11:59
The Morality of the Allied
12:11
Fourteen Points
12:47
League of Nations
13:55
Paris Peace Conference
14:26
Paris Peace Conference
14:32
A Peace Settlement that Punished Germany
14:40
War Guilt
14:52
The League of Nations as Part of the Treaty
16:02
Map, 1918
16:37
Many U.S. Citizens Reject Treaty
17:45
Irreconcilables
17:54
Reservationists
18:27
Article X viewed as Unconstitutional
18:48
The Aftermath of the War
20:04
Isolationism
20:20
Red Scare
20:58
A Creditor Nation
22:32
Schenck v. United States, 1919
22:42
Violation of the Espionage Act
22:58
Justice Wendell Holmes
22:41
Tools for Suppression
24:04
Stamping Out Radicalism
24:29
International Workers of the World
24:39
Eugene Debs
24:58
Emma Goldman
25:16
Margaret Sanger
25:37
Federal Bureau of Investigation
26:04
Red Scare
26:42
USSR
26:47
Palmer Raids
27:02
American Civil Liberties Union
28:04
ACLU: American Civil Liberties Union
28:12
Freedom of Speech and Expression
28:21
On Behalf of the American People
28:42
Sacco and Vanzetti
29:09
Trial for Murder
29:36
Defense Counsel
29:43
The Fairness of the Trial
30:35
Shift From Idealism to Normalcy
31:41
Return to Normalcy
32:11
Suppressed by Federal Troops
32:33
The Supreme Court
32:42
Example 1
33:07
Example 2
35:53
Example 3
37:45
Example 4
38:49
The Interwar Period

47m 7s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:05
Conservative Presidents
2:45
Harding's Presidency
2:50
Herbert Hoover
3:37
Republican-Dominated FTC
4:22
Calvin Coolidge
4:41
A Strong Pro-Business Stance
4:52
New Tax Cut
5:14
Interior Albert Fall
5:52
Mixed Economic Development
6:45
Postwar Recession
6:53
A Consumer Culture
8:25
Overproduction
9:08
Inflation
9:28
Consumer Culture
9:41
A New Pop Culture
10:23
Radios
10:28
Duke Ellington
11:00
New Consumer Goods
11:58
New Journalism
12:18
Images of the 1920s
12:40
The Jazz Age and “Modern” Culture
12:55
African Americans
13:03
Rebel Against Their Elders
13:57
Popular Heroes
14:22
Bath Ruth
14:37
Charles Lindbergh
15:08
First Solo Non-Stop Flight
15:20
New Literature: Stream of Consciousness
15:37
Gertrude Stein
15:59
The Waste Land
16:46
Victorian Era Culture
17:10
Art and Architecture
18:00
Art Deco Style
18:07
Edward Hopper
18:38
George Gershwin
18:51
Automat
19:43
Gender Roles, Family and Education
20:00
Flappers
21:02
Influence of Sigmund Freud
21:42
The New Woman
22:57
The Women's Joint Congressional Committee
23:38
The League of Women Voters
24:03
Women in the 1920s
24:32
Pop Culture
25:10
Leisure Time in Rural and Urban Areas
25:15
The Jazz Singer
25:33
Tin Pan Alley
26:20
Fox Trot and Charleston
26:33
Harlem Renaissance
26:40
A Cultural Identity with African Roots
26:53
NYC's Harlem
27:09
New Negro
27:30
Marcus Garvey and UNIA
28:25
Garvey Advocated Black Separatism
28:57
Four Million Followers
29:18
Negro World
29:27
Mail Fraud
29:50
Prohibition and Crime
30:13
18th Amendment
30:16
Volstead Act
30:46
Lucrative Bootlegging Trade
31:28
The Noble Experiment
31:43
Drys
32:06
Wets
32:10
Bathtub Gin
32:25
Roaring Twenties
32:58
Nativism, Pluralism and Racism
34:02
Mass Media
34:53
National Origins Act
35:43
Birth of a Nation
36:50
Fundamentalism and Modernism
37:40
The Monkey Trial
38:15
The Trial of John T. Scopes
38:42
Example 1
39:39
Example 2
41:58
Example 3
43:39
Example 4
45:07
The Foreign Policy During the Interwar Years, The Great Depression and The First New Deal

34m 4s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:09
Foreign Policy in the 1920s
0:48
A Retreat to Isolationism
1:09
Expansion of New Markets
1:14
United Fruit Company
1:47
The Dawes Plan
2:09
Reparation Payment
2:22
Financial Problems on Both Sides of the Atlantic
2:46
1929 Stock Market Crash
2:57
The Pursuit of Peace
3:42
Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928
4:22
A Policy of Disarmament
4:38
League of Nations
4:47
The Causes of the Great Depression
4:59
Business Cycle
5:36
Black Thursday
6:35
The Agricultural Sector
7:04
THE GDP Fell
7:22
Weak Farm Economy
7:42
The Unequal Distribution of Wealth
8:26
Herbert Hoover
8:52
The Stock Market Crashed
9:32
Expand Public Works Spending
9:44
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
9:49
Hoover's Policies
10:24
Rugged Individualism
10:35
Hawley Smoot Tariff
11:17
The Revenue Act of 1932
12:11
The Scapegoat for the Depression
12:25
Debt Moratorium
12:58
Tough Times and Hoovervilles
13:08
Election of 1932
14:02
The Three Rs
14:38
A New Form of Liberalism
14:57
Social Welfare
15:24
Anti-Poverty Programs
15:56
The First Hundred Days
16:19
100-Day Long Special Session
18:28
Bank Holiday
18:42
Optimism of a Nation
19:04
Emergency Banking Act
19:40
Homeowners Loan Corporation
19:52
Glass-Steagall Act
20:12
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
20:20
Alphabet Agencies
20:32
Federal Emergency Relief Administration
21:06
Work Relief Over Cash Subsidies
21:22
Inflationary
21:41
International Gold Standard
22:15
The Securities and Exchange Commission
22:26
The Banking Act of 1935
22:38
NIRA and NRA
22:57
National Industrial Recovery Act
23:02
National Recovery Administration
23:08
Government Approved Codes
23:40
Outlawed Child Labor
24:00
Other Programs
24:21
Public Works Administration
24:29
Civilian Conservation Corps
25:33
Tennessee Valley Authority
25:58
TVA
26:25
CCC
26:45
PWA
27:11
Example 1
27:35
Example 2
29:55
Example 3
32:30
The Second New Deal

48m 10s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:05
New Deal Under Attack
1:21
Liberty League
1:49
Schechter v. United States
3:10
Unconstitutional Codes Created by NIRA
3:39
Father Charles Coughlin
4:31
Father Francis Townsend
4:54
Senator Huey Long
5:25
Share Our Wealth Society
5:37
Critiques From the Left
6:14
The New Deal
6:17
Nationalization of Businesses
7:25
United States v. Butler
7:35
The Second New Deal
7:45
Townsend's, Coughlin's and Long's Programs
8:12
Works Progress Administration
8:30
The Labor Movement
9:05
The Promise of the New Deal
9:17
New Deal Murals
9:48
New Deal Programs
10:12
The Second New Deal
10:50
The National Labor Relations Act
10:51
National Labor Relations Board
11:01
Social Security Act
11:15
Categorical Assistance Programs
11:47
W.P.A
12:29
1936 Politics
14:17
Solid South
14:36
Judicial Reorganization Bill
15:32
The Wagner Act and SSA
16:02
New Economic Policy: Deficit Spending
16:40
John Maynard Keynes
16:51
Deficit Spendings
16:55
Purposeful Government Intervention
17:23
Ended the Great Depression
18:01
John Maynard Keynes
18:34
Economist
18:43
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money
18:46
The Rise of Unions and the CIO
18:53
John L. Lewis
19:25
The Congress of Industrial Organization
19:36
One Union
19:48
Steel Workers Organize
20:15
Strikes
20:32
Collective Bargaining
20:33
Resisted Union Demands
20:35
Effects of the New Deal
21:18
Expansion of the Federal Bureaucracy
21:20
Steel Workers Organizing Committee
21:47
Fair Labor Standards Act
22:25
Effects and Eleanor Roosevelt
23:32
A Recession
23:57
Government Policy
24:05
Eleanor Roosevelt
24:28
Eleanor Roosevelt
25:56
The Postwar Era
26:44
My Day
27:14
Press Conferences for Female Reporters
27:22
Anti-Lynching Campaigns
27:34
The Right to Organize
28:00
Images of Eleanor Roosevelt
28:26
Supporters of New Deal
29:34
Activist Executive Branch
29:44
The First Female Cabinet Member
30:23
Indian Reorganization Act
31:33
Mary McLeod Bethune and Amelia Earhart
32:04
A Member of the Advisory Committee of the NYA
32:14
Lady Lindy
33:00
New Deal Critics
33:21
Unemployment Rate
33:37
The Federal Deficit
33:57
A Critical View
34:57
Discrimination of Minorities
35:09
Okies
35:20
Cesar Chavez
35:39
National Farmworkers Association
36:22
Chinese Exclusion Act
37:06
The Tydings-McDuffie Act
37:18
The Scottsboro Case
37:45
The Dust Bowl
38:50
Severe Drought
38:55
The Grapes of Wrath
39:44
Dust Bowl Map
39:55
Dust Cloud
40:31
Farmer and Family, Dust Bowl
40:44
Example 1
41:03
Example 2
42:51
Example 3
44:36
Example 4
46:29
World War II

55m 16s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:05
Isolationist Foreign Policy of 1930s
1:13
The Washington Conference
1:28
Stimson Doctrine
2:48
Kellogg-Briand Pact
3:39
Good Neighbor Policy
4:10
The Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
4:43
The Nye Commission
5:10
Investigation of the Munitions Industry
5:16
A Senate Committee
5:32
Non-Interventionist Movement
6:14
Neutrality Act
6:17
Quarantine Speech
6:45
Aggressive Militarism and Fascism Abroad
7:03
Treaty of Versailles
8:17
Lightening War
9:40
Withdrew from the League of Nations
10:38
Rome-Berlin Axis
10:55
Nazi Germany
11:18
Aggressive Militarism and Fascism Abroad
11:39
Ineffectiveness of League of Nations
11:56
Sinking of Panay
13:13
Appeasement
13:32
Before U.S. Enter War
14:49
Charles Beard
15:11
Four Essential Freedoms
16:09
Lend-Lease Act
17:19
The Atlantic Charter
17:33
“Four Freedoms” by Norman Rockwell
18:10
Attack on Pearl Harbor
18:35
The Bombing of Pearl Harbor
18:46
A Date Which Will Live in Infamy
18:53
Organizing for Total War
20:03
War Powers Act
20:10
War Production Board
21:40
Miracle Man
21:02
The Office of War Information
22:11
Wartime Propaganda
22:33
We Can Do It!
23:04
Large Scale Propaganda
23:06
Rosie the Riveter
23:48
Depression-Era Unemployment Disappeared
24:34
Unionized Jobs
25:00
Smith-Connally Labor Act
25:05
National War Labor Board
25:18
John Lewis
25:31
Internal Migration
25:42
Civil Rights Concerns
26:12
Negro Labor Relations League
26:37
Double V Campaign
27:38
A. Philip Randolph
28:20
League of United Latin American Citizens
29:17
Double V and Civil Rights
29:32
Effects on Minorities
29:57
The Status of Chinese Americans
30:00
Japanese immigrants
30:08
Zoot Suit
31:33
Japanese Internment
32:26
Executive order 9066
32:34
Korematsu v. United States
33:34
Ex Parte Endo Case
33:51
A Public Apology
34:34
Map of Relocation Camps
34:47
Manzanar Today
35:21
Instructions Posters
35:49
Major Military Events During WWII
36:09
Major Defeats on U.S. Forces
36:18
Battle of Coral Sea
36:54
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower
37:37
General Douglas MacArthur
37:30
D-Day Invasion
37:57
Pacific Theatre
38:15
European Theatre
39:25
European Theatre, VE Day
40:39
The End of War in Europe
41:46
Final Solution of the Jewish Question
41:58
A War Refuge Board
43:09
United Nations
43:35
The Holocaust
43:46
Mass Extermination of Jews
43:56
Genocide of 6 Million Jews
44:12
In the Pacific
45:36
Island Hopping
46:12
Navajo Troops
46:29
Heavy Causalities
46:39
The Manhattan Project
47:17
Example 1
47:50
Example 2
49:18
Example 3
51:00
Example 4
52:20
The End of World War II and Cold War America

51m 21s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:06
The End of World War II
1:48
The Big Three Met at the Yalta Conference
1:58
Free and Unfettered Elections
2:40
Iron Curtain
3:15
2 Major Issues: Independence Movement in India
3:49
The Big Three
4:48
The Outcome of Yalta
5:26
Four Administrative Zones
5:37
United Nations Established That Would Have Security Council
5:48
Berlin Was Also Partitioned
6:42
Germany Divided Berlin Partitioned
6:48
FDR Dies and Truman as President
7:14
Franklin D. Roosevelt Couldn't Finish Presidency Term
7:30
Truman Took Over Presidency
7:45
Truman Chose to Use Bomb
7:55
Issued Warning to Surrender or Face Utter and Complete Destruction
8:14
Japanese Would Fight to Death Rather Than Surrender
9:00
Need Quick Way to End the War
9:46
Atomic Bomb
10:12
The Manhattan Project
10:29
Top-Secret Plan
10:35
J. Robert Oppenheimer
10:44
General Leslie Groves
10:55
First Atomic Bomb Successfully Tested
11:05
Other Factors that Influenced Truman
11:17
Potsdam with Stalin
11:22
U.S. Cryptographers
12:02
Why Did U.S. Decide to Flex It's Nuclear Muscle
12:08
The End of the War
13:26
U.S. Dropped Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima but No Japanese Response
13:45
Radiation Poisoning
14:04
Dropped a Second Atomic Bomb on Nagasaki
14:39
Emperor Hirohito Forced to Surrender
14:51
Peace Treaty
15:10
Number of Casualties
15:20
Postwar Devastation
16:00
The Cold War
16:38
What is the Cold War?
16:56
Two Countries Primarily Involved
17:21
Joseph Stalin
17:43
A Security Zone of Friendly Government
17:54
Yalta Conference: Sphere of Influence
18:15
No Move to Hold the Elections
18:43
Cold War in Europe
19:01
Potsdam Conference
19:53
President Harry Truman Decided U.S. Had to Take a Hard Line Against Soviet Expansion
19:59
Truman Took a Stance to Use Tough Methods
21:14
Allies Agreed to Disarm and Dismantle Germany
21:57
Baruch Plan
22:11
Baruch Plan
22:27
Failure of Baruch Plan
22:37
A Frenzied Nuclear Arms Race
22:54
Eastern Bloc Countries
23:18
Map of Eastern Bloc Areas
23:19
Winston Churchill
23:32
The Iron Curtain
23:39
George Kennan and Containment Policy
24:24
One of the First Policies: Containment Policy
24:30
U.S. Increasingly Perceived Soviet Expansion as a Threat
24:42
The Most Influential Proponent
24:54
Communist Guerrillas
25:00
Truman Doctrine
25:30
Large Scale Military and Economic Assistance
25:40
Domino Theory
26:05
Marshall Plan and Containment
26:34
Containment
26:44
Plan to Help Rebuild War-Torn Europe
26:55
Discontentment Encouraged the Communist
27:09
George Marshall and Economic Aid
27:17
Eastern Euros Refused Aid
27:43
Opposition in U.S. Congress
27:50
Motives of Marshall Plan
28:21
map of Czechoslovakia 1918-1992
28:29
Foreign Policy in Mid East
29:16
Zionist Leaders
29:21
Truman Recognized the State
29:51
Gamal Abdel Nasser Nationalizes the Suez
30:04
Arab Nationalism
30:30
Britain, France, Israel Attack Egypt
30:41
Berlin Airlift in 1948
30:52
Attempt to Push Out Allies
31:30
A Program of Economic Reform in West Berlin
31:42
A Symbol of Resistance to Communism
31:52
Containment in Asia
32:45
Civil War in China
32:51
Truman Attempted to Provide Funds
33:14
The People's Republic of China
33:35
Red China
33:56
Fall of China
34:08
Diplomatic Nonentity
34:37
The Korean War
34:55
Korean War, 1950-1953
35:46
The Map
35:47
Republican Challenge of Truman's Conduct of the War
37:26
Truman Fired MacArthur
37:45
An Armistice Was Signed and Korea was Divided
37:56
NATO and Warsaw Pact
38:20
Truman Era
38:29
Government and Consumer Spending
38:42
Civilian Production
38:54
The Office of Price Administration
39:02
Example: Strikes Closed Down Business in Numerous Cities
39:29
Backlash Against Unionism: Truman Ended a Strike by the United Mine Workers
39:39
Taft-Hartley Act
40:03
Taft-Hartley Act
40:08
Vetoed the Bill
40:25
The Secondary Boycott and Union Shop
40:35
Democrats Split
40:46
Henry Wallace
40:55
Strom Thurmond
41:00
Election of 1948
41:09
Domestic Issues During the Truman Era
41:34
The Fair Deal
42:01
New Deal's Liberalism
42:11
Possibility of a Higher standard of Living and Benefits for Americans
42:46
Liberal Consensus
43:09
The National Housing Act of 1949
43:55
What Was Blocked
43:58
Executive Order 9981 Ends Segregation in Military in July of 1948
44:14
Example 1
44:35
Example 2
47:15
Example 3
48:50
Section 8: Period 8: 1945-1980
The Red Scare and The Eisenhower Years

49m 4s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:07
The Second Red Scare
1:31
The House of Un-American Activities Committee
2:35
The Movie Industry
3:24
Senator Joseph McCarthy
5:01
Alger Hiss and HUAC
5:51
Alger Hiss
5:52
Whittaker Chambers
6:04
Richard Nixon
6:33
Anti-Communist Hysteria
6:51
Anti-Communist Hysteria and McCarthyism
7:24
Resigned under Pressure
8:29
McCarran Internal Security Act
9:17
Investigate Subversion in the U.S. Army
10:22
Anti-Communism
11:03
The Red Scare
12:33
Protest of HUAC and “Red Channels”
13:24
Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
13:49
Julius
14:09
Electrocution
14:17
Dwight D. Eisenhower
14:55
Modern Republicanism
15:42
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
17:29
The New Look Army
18:59
Social Security
19:32
Termination
19:47
The Highway Act of 1956
20:14
A Broad Liberal Consensus
20:47
Promoted Tourism
21:23
Nuclear Missiles
21:31
The Space Race
22:23
The New Look in Foreign Policy
23:35
A Massive Nuclear Arsenal
23:50
U-2 Spy Plane
25:03
Hungarian Revolt
25:45
Containment the Third World
25:59
SEATO
26:19
A Coup of Arbenz
27:38
Proxy Wars
28:15
Domino Theory
28:48
Decolonization of the Third World
28:52
Containment in the Post-Colonial World
30:06
The Containment Policy
30:17
Failed to Recognize Indigenous or Nationalist Movements
30:31
Dictatorships or Repressive Right-Wing Regimes
31:41
U.S. Global Defense Treaties in Cold War
32:23
SEATO and The Role of the CIA
33:07
South Asia Treaty Organization
33:20
Central Intelligence Agency
33:20
Lebanon
33:59
Containment Policy
34:10
Overthrow Iran's Premier
34:28
Guatemala
34:31
Geneva Accords
34:44
Domino Theory
35:07
Military Industrial Complex
35:30
Eisenhower's Farewell Address
35:46
Military Industrial Complex
35:46
Military Industrial Map
36:51
Spending Graph
37:31
Example 1
37:59
Example 2
40:44
Example 3
43:25
Example 4
46:00
Postwar Prosperity and The 'Other' America

51m 55s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:09
Economic Realities
2:08
Huge Economic Growth
2:15
Postwar Boom
2:53
Defense Spending and Domestic Programs
3:10
Acceptance of Collective Bargaining
3:23
Rise in Gross Domestic Product
3:52
The Affluent Society
4:01
Or the “Other” America
5:14
U.S. Affluence
5:22
John Kenneth Galbraith
5:37
The Other America
6:16
Michael Harrington
6:51
Bretton Woods System
7:06
Third World Countries
7:19
The World Bank
8:08
The International Monetary Fund
9:10
Strongest Currency
9:45
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
10:00
Fixed Exchange Rates
10:17
Economic Trends in the 1950s
10:54
Consolidation of Corporations Continued
10:59
Rise in Consumerism
11:43
General Electric
12:24
Suburban Living
14:01
Levittowns
14:14
Henry J. Kaiser
15:09
The Federal Housing Administration
15:18
Veterans Administration
15:22
Levittowns and Tract Housing
16:13
Negative Effects of Suburbanization
16:34
The Downside of Suburbanization
16:52
Restrictive Covenants
18:03
Shelley v. Kramer
18:34
Changing Demographics
18:52
Baby Boom! “Gotta Make Up for Lost Time”
19:33
Highway Expansion
20:27
National Interstate and Defense Highways Act
20:33
Mass Transit Systems
20:39
City “Life Belts” and Car Culture
21:23
The Emerging Civil Rights Movement
21:53
Civil Rights Challenges
23:36
The NAACP
23:47
Thurgood Marshall
24:06
Linda Brown
24:23
Brown v. Board of Education, 1954
25:54
Plessy case
25:20
Racial Segregation in Schools and other Public Facilities
26:24
Violates the 14th Amendment
26:36
“Massive Resistance” Against the Case
27:33
A Southern Manifesto
28:08
KKK
28:41
Governor Orval Faubus of AR
28:47
Southern Universities
29:18
Segregationists and the Little Rock Nine
29:35
Nonviolent Protest and Civil Disobedience
30:31
Rosa Parks
30:38
A Local Segregation Ordinance
30:53
A Boycott of Montgomery's Bus System
31:16
Social Critics: The Beats
32:40
Rejected Conventional Society
33:10
Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg
33:40
The Springboard for the Counterculture Movement
33:49
Be-Bop Jazz
34:03
Improvisational
34:14
Bebop Musicians
35:06
Other Culture Dissenters
35:19
Alienation from Mainstream Society
35:22
Abstract Expressionism
35:30
Jackson Pollock
35:41
Pop Art
35:53
Aspects of Mass Media
36:05
Mundane Cultural Objects
36:10
Andy Warhol
36:14
TV Culture and Rock and Roll
36:33
Television Sets
36:39
Rock and Roll
37:09
1950s: Conformity or Rebellion?
38:53
Women's Issues in the 1950s
40:14
Feminine Mystique
40:41
Motherhood
41:16
Glass Ceiling
42:04
The Feminine Mystique
42:24
Other Policies and Demographic Changes
43:05
Operation Wetback
43:09
Puerto Ricans
43:36
Second Migration
44:04
Immigration and Nationality Act
44:28
The Second Migration, 1940-1970
44:52
Other Demographic Changes
45:15
Inner Cities Declined
45:25
Suburban Affluence and the “Other America”
45:30
Example 1
45:49
Example 2
46:42
Example 3
48:07
Example 4
50:33
1960s, The Kennedy Years and The Liberal Consensus

55m 17s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:07
John F. Kennedy
1:17
The New Frontier Program
1:51
TV Debates
3:13
First Catholic President
4:15
Liberal Initiatives
4:55
Bay of Pigs
5:19
Funding for NASA
6:19
Alan Shepard
6:49
John Glenn
6:56
The Bay of Pigs Incident
7:02
U.S.-Cuban Relations
7:39
Castro Nationalized U.S. Owned Banks
7:46
CIA
8:26
Surrendered Within 24 Hours of Fighting
9:24
Cold War and Bay of Pigs
9:43
JFK: Cold Warrior
10:06
Turned to the USSR
10:10
The Berlin Wall
10:29
Cuban Missile Crisis
11:05
Nuclear Warfare
11:41
Flexible Response
12:34
The Civil Rights Movements Stirs
13:58
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
14:17
CORE
16:19
Attorney General Robert Kennedy
16:45
Bull Connors
17:12
Freedom Rides Map
17:41
Notorious Police Brutality Under “Bull Connors”
18:36
Civil Rights Movement
19:13
Kennedy's Response
20:08
Promise Civil Rights Legislation Banning Discrimination in Public
20:09
Second Emancipation Proclamation
20:32
MLK Jr.'s Response
21:49
A Massive Civil Rights
21:56
I Have a Dream
22:08
Civil Rights in the 1960s
22:50
More Radical
22:57
Southern Senators
23:16
Birmingham
23:27
Black Nationalism
23:43
Black Separatism
24:32
Uncle Tom
25:16
Black Muslims
26:44
Malcolm X
27:43
Nation Justice
28:43
Hajj
29:22
Pan-African Unity
29:44
Black Power
30:42
Stokely Carmichael
31:12
Honorary Prime Minister
32:26
Pan-Africanist
32:33
Black Panthers
33:03
Cesar Chaves, Farm Workers and Chicanos
34:04
Chavez and Dolores Huerta
34:25
United Farm Workers
34:48
La Causa
35:58
Chavez, Huerta and UFW
36:26
MAPA, Chicano Movement, Brown Berets
37:19
Mexican American Political Association
37:30
Brown Berets
38:00
Chicano
38:14
Bilingual Education
38:45
American Indian Movement (AIM)
39:46
Red Power
39:51
A Siege at Wounded Knee
40:40
We Shall Remain
41:20
Peace Corps
41:30
Third World Countries
41:47
Agency for International Development and the Alliance of Progress
42:06
The Liberal Warren Court
43:14
Mapp v. Ohio
43:55
Gideon v. Wainwright
44:03
Escobedo v. Illinois
44:12
Miranda v. Arizona
44:22
Engel v. Vitale
45:04
Griswold v. Connecticut
45:29
Baker v. Carr
45:53
One Man, One Vote
46:08
Beginning of Vietnam War
46:22
Green Berets
47:10
A Military Coup
47:20
Assassination of John F. Kennedy
48:07
Lee Harvey Oswald
48:17
Lyndon B. Johnson
49:33
Example 1
49:54
Example 2
51:47
Example 3
53:37
Lyndon B. Johnson, Civil Rights, and The Vietnam War

52m 54s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:09
Lyndon B. Johnson
1:55
A Huge Expansions of Social Welfare Programs
2:41
The Civil Rights Act
3:39
Title VII
4:01
1964 Election
4:58
Lyndon B. Johnson
5:52
The Civil Rights Act
6:10
Expansion of Civil Rights Movement
6:26
A Voting Rights Act
6:28
Freedom Summer
6:44
15 Civil Rights Workers
7:25
From Selma to Montgomery
7:32
Freedom Summer
7:49
March in Selma
9:10
Bloody Sunday
9:17
The Voting Rights Act
10:53
The 24th Amendment's Outlawing of the Federal Poll tax
11:35
Voter Registration in the South
12:00
Watts Riots: “Burn Baby, Burn”
12:40
Voting Rights Act
12:43
Arrested a Young Black Motorist
13:34
Legislation During LBJ Years
15:03
War on Poverty
15:45
Long-Established Social Insurance Programs
16:24
The Office of Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
16:57
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
17:46
Influential Books of the 1960s
18:19
War on Poverty
20:02
Legislation During LBJ Years
20:43
Medicare for the Elderly and Medicaid for the Poor
20:47
National Endowment for the Arts
20:57
The Highway Beautification Act
21:15
Wartime Inflation
22:10
10% Surcharge on Income Taxes
22:18
LBJ Escalates the Vietnam War
23:18
A Quagmire
23:55
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
24:40
The Americanization of the War
25:00
Operation Rolling Thunder
25:24
US Soldiers in Vietnam
26:06
War of Attrition
26:44
U.S. Military Personnel in S. Vietnam
26:57
The Anti-War Movement
27:16
Public Opinion Turn Against the War
27:22
The Impact of the Television
27:27
Credibility Gap
28:11
Television War and Image of Vietnam War
28:50
The New Left Movement
29:14
Implement a Broad Range of Reforms
29:22
Students for a Democratic Society
29:42
Michigan
30:05
Port Huron Statement
30:11
Students for a Democratic Society
30:21
Tom Hayden
30:25
The Port Huron Statement
30:27
Free Speech Movement
30:56
The Selective Service System
31:37
Closed Down Induction Centers
31:55
Stop the Draft Week
33:03
The Siege on the Pentagon
33:05
National Organization of Women
33:21
Betty Friedan
33:51
Women's Rights and Equality
33:57
The Counterculture
34:15
Hippies
35:07
Pete Seeger and Bob Dylan
35:41
Acid Rock
36:29
Woodstock
37:06
Images of Woodstock
37:15
1968: A Watershed Year
37:55
Tet Offensive
38:34
My Lai Massacre
39:08
Antiwar Platform
39:46
Tet Offensive
40:03
1968
40:20
MLK was Assassinated
40:23
Robert F. Kennedy
41:14
RFK Assassination
41:31
Democratic Convention in Chicago
41:45
Democratic Convention 1968
42:02
Backlash: Conservatism
42:26
Protest and Dissent
42:34
George Wallace
42:56
Silent Majority
42:39
Richard Nixon Elected
43:39
Example 1
44:23
Example 2
46:55
Example 3
49:53
The Rise and Fall of Richard Nixon and The End of the Vietnam War

35m 50s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:07
Richard Nixon
1:32
Office of Price Administration in Washington
1:50
Republican Representative
1:58
Alger Hiss Case
2:26
Winding Down the Vietnam War
2:33
No-Win Situation
3:26
Cambodia
3:42
Withdrawing from the War
4:24
Vietnam War vets
4:48
Violence at Kent State University
6:00
Ohio
6:16
National Guard
6:28
Images of Kent State
6:57
Nixon's Trip to China and the Cold War
7:16
A Bold Move
7:31
A Policy of Diplomacy
7:53
Ping-pong Diplomacy
8:25
Detente
8:55
Vietnamization
9:15
Detente
9:50
Henry Kissinger
10:15
National Security Advisor
10:22
Realpolitik
10:25
Nixon and Brezhnev
10:57
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
11:08
Antiballistic Missiles
11:19
ICBMS or SLBMS
11:24
The Silent Majority Speaks Out
11:49
Brown v. Board of Education
12:48
Miller v. California
14:00
Milliken v. Bradley
14:36
1972 Election
15:02
Disarray
15:14
George McGovern
15:35
Southern Strategy
16:10
George Wallace
16:52
Nixon and Civil Rights
17:12
Dixicrats
17:24
Warren Burger
17:57
Harry Blackmun
18:24
Domestic Policies
18:38
Inflation Problems and Economic Problems
18:49
Revenue Sharing
19:14
More Control of Where Federal Funding Allocated
19:16
Regulatory Laws Passed
19:26
Clean Air Act
20:30
Occupational Health and Safety Act
20:33
Water Pollution Control Act
20:41
Endangered Species Act
20:50
The Fall of Richard Nixon
21:16
Enemies
21:57
Imperial Presidency
22:32
Pentagon Papers
23:06
National Security
23:45
Theft, Conspiracy and Espionage
25:06
Nixon and the Plumbers
25:11
A Secret Special Unit
26:18
Illegal Campaigns
25:31
The Democratic National Committee Offices
25:52
Cover-up
26:04
The Tapes and the Cover-up
26:23
Illegal Deeds
26:56
Impeachment Hearings
27:09
First President to Resign
27:23
War Power Act
27:37
Reined in the Powers of President
27:50
Congressional Approval
28:00
Example 1
28:45
Example 2
29:56
Example 3
33:01
1970s, Ford and Carter

44m 35s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:06
Gerald Ford: President After Nixon Resigns
1:19
Stagflation
2:02
Whip Inflation Now
2:06
Highlights of Ford Presidency
2:20
Oil Embargo After Yom Kippur War
2:47
Politicized OPEC
3:04
Yom Kippur War
3:19
Declared Oil Embargo on U.S.
3:34
OPEC Oil Embargo
3:50
400% Increase in Oil Prices
4:08
Oil Price Shock
4:14
Long Lines at Gas Stations
4:38
Economic Decline
4:59
Japanese Cars
5:08
Speed Limit
5:36
Stagflation
6:00
Ford's Foreign Policy
6:22
Helsinki Accords
6:28
Limit Arms
6:40
Accused of Engineering the Assassination of Foreign Leaders
6:53
George Bush
7:02
Jimmy Carter, 1976-1980
7:28
Granted Amnesty
8:43
Domestic Challenges
9:00
Crisis in Confidence
9:40
Images of Jimmy Carter
10:33
Gas Shortages and Energy Crisis
11:14
Gas Prices Soared
11:19
Raise Taxes on Crude Oil
11:55
People's Lack of Faith in Government
12:06
Energy Consumption
12:15
Taking On Inflation
12:40
Paul Volcker
12:47
An End to Inflation
12:52
Three Mile Island
13:01
Nuclear Power Spill
13:05
No New Nuclear Plants
14:09
20% of all U.S. Power
14:13
Goldsboro, PA
14:28
Nervous Humor
14:38
Carter's Foreign Policy
15:25
Realism
15:30
Repressive Regimes
15:36
Panama Canal
16:50
Peace Talks between Sadat and Begin
17:25
The Women's Movement in the 1970s
20:17
Equal Rights Amendment
20:27
Ratification
20:54
A Reactionary Conservative Movement
21:04
States That Ratified ERA
21:15
Pro and Anti-ERA Marchers
22:39
Other Feminist Activities
23:30
Ms. Magazine
24:19
Gay Rights Movement
25:32
Stonewall Incident
25:52
Harvey Milk
26:07
Dan White
27:03
Rust Belt to Sun Belt
27:12
Demographic Changes Affect Politics
28:26
Latin America and Asia
28:38
1965 Immigration Law
28:45
The “Me Generation”
29:06
Self-Absorption
29:13
Huge Health Trend
29:16
Pop Culture
29:42
Televangelists and the New Right
30:22
Religious Right
30:42
A Constitutional Ban
30:45
Mandatory Death Penalty
31:05
The Bakke Case
32:03
University of California v. Bakke
32:28
Reverse Discrimination
33:23
Iran Hostage Crisis
34:02
The Iranian Revolution
34:26
Ayatollah Khomeini
34:35
66 U.S. Hostages
35:02
Economic Embargo and a Military Mission
35:14
Reagan's Inauguration
35:26
Images of Iran Hostage Crisis
36:24
Example 1
36:53
Example 2
40:07
Example 3
42:04
The Conservative Resurgence and The 1980s

46m 5s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:07
Free-Market Economics and Religious Conservatism
1:13
Anticommunism, Free-Market Economics and Religious Moralism
2:25
Regulatory Bureaucracy
5:02
PATCO Strikers
5:55
Supply-Side Economics
6:34
Reaganomics
6:48
Reducing Taxes and More Spending
7:00
Economic Recovery Act
7:26
Lowered Taxes
7:30
Images of Supply-Side Economics
8:20
Trickle Down Economics
9:57
Reaganomics
10:32
Reduced Income Tax Rates
10:50
Drop of the Highest Marginal Tax Rate
11:04
The Federal Deficit Increased
12:07
The Annual Federal Budget Deficit (or Surplus), 1940-2005
12:33
Presidential Landscaping
13:11
Budget Deficit
13:17
National Debt
13:35
The Savings and Loan
13:54
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
14:49
Relations with the USSR Improve
16:33
Perestroika
17:28
Glasnost
17:58
Mr. Gorbachev, Tear Down This Wall
18:23
The Wall Comes Down in 1989
18:57
Reagan Aids Anticommunists and Israelis
20:36
A Right-Wing Government in El Salvador
21:14
Setbacks in the Middle East
22:40
Involvement in Latin America and Caribbean
23:11
Iran-Contra Affair and Scandal
23:38
Banned Sending Funds to the Contras
24:25
Oliver North
24:46
Iran-Contra
25:08
Foreign Policy After the Cold War
26:26
New World Order
26:32
War on Drugs
27:09
Disintegration of Yugoslavia
27:30
Social Issues
28:01
Sandra Day O'Connor
28:35
William Rehnquist
28:59
Roe v. Wade
29:14
Economic Changes
29:46
Service Oriented
30:12
Trade Imbalance
30:18
Widened Gap Between Rich and Poor
30:36
Apple Computers and Microsoft
31:28
The Income of Two-Wage Families Graph
31:43
Other Themes in the 1980s
33:15
Materialistic Values
33:28
AIDS Epidemic
33:53
Just Say No
36:28
Challenger Explodes
36:50
1987 March On Washington for Gay and Lesbian Rights
37:15
Example 1
37:53
Example 2
40:57
Example 3
43:41
Section 9: Period 9: 1980-present
The End of the Cold War and a Global Society

1h 6m 56s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:06
Election of 1988
1:40
George H.W. Bush
1:44
Jesse Jackson
2:00
New World Order
2:52
Uprisings in China and Eastern Europe
3:16
Beijing's Tiananmen Square
3:43
Anticommunist Movement in 1989
4:38
Solidarity Movement
4:50
Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia
5:07
1989
5:40
Breakup of the USSR
6:35
Commonwealth of Independent States
6:43
Boris Yeltsin
7:13
Yugoslavia Disintegrated
7:49
CIS
8:02
Other Foreign Policy Issues
9:16
Invasion of Panama
9:38
Persian Gulf War
10:11
Operation Desert Storm
10:13
Vietnam Syndrome
12:22
Domestic Issues Under Bush
12:49
Budget Deficits
13:52
No New taxes
14:10
A Kinder Gentler America
14:35
The Changing Economy
15:12
Globalization
16:37
Multinational Corporations
17:46
North American Free Trade Agreement
19:25
The Rise of the European Union
20:15
European Union
20:58
Nike Factory in China
21:51
Productivity, Family Income, and Wages 1973-2004
22:37
Imports and Exports
24:00
Bill Clinton
24:45
The Election of 1992
24:50
National Health Care
26:05
Avoiding Expensive Social-Welfare Proposals
27:38
Aid to Families with Dependent Children
27:53
New Democrat
28:05
Clinton's Second Term
28:17
Foreign Policy Challenges
29:52
NATO Intervened
30:01
Air Strikes Against Al Qaeda
30:39
Technological Revolutions
31:12
Digitization
31:26
World Wide Web
32:11
Internet
32:32
Percentage of Americans Using Internet
33:06
The Annual Federal Budget Deficit (or Surplus), 1940-2005
33:20
Election of 2000
34:32
Vice President Al Gore
34:43
Florida
35:04
George W. Bush's Presidency
36:00
Economic Growth and Tax Relief Act of 2001
36:13
Federal Expenditures
36:48
War on Terror
38:19
9/11
38:50
Bush
39:30
USA Patriot Act
40:32
An Axis of Evil
42:01
Iraq
43:22
John Kerry
44:19
New Orleans
45:09
Economic Issues and 2008 Election
46:30
Significant Decline
46:48
Emergency Economic Stabilization Act
48:35
Barack Obama Wins in 2008
49:17
Remaking America
51:07
Economic Stimulus Package
51:39
Regulate Wall Street
52:02
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
52:18
Don’t Ask. Don’t Tell Policy
54:42
Elena Kagan
55:17
New Immigrants
55:31
Example 1
57:27
Example 2
1:00:08
Example 3
1:04:35
Section 10: AP Practice Exam
AP Practice Exam, Section I: Multiple Choice and Short Answer

38m 33s

Intro
0:00
Overview of Exam
0:12
Multiple-Choice Section
1:57
What does It Include?
2:10
Background Information
2:43
Highlight
3:20
Completely Read the Question
4:33
Short-Answer Section
4:49
Four Questions
4:54
Complete Sentences
4:58
Thematic Learning Objectives
6:20
Sample AP U.S. History Test Answers
7:05
Multiple Choice Question 1
9:07
Multiple Choice Question 2
9:35
Multiple Choice Question 3
10:05
Multiple Choice Question 4
10:27
Multiple Choice Question 5
10:56
Multiple Choice Question 6
11:18
Multiple Choice Question 7
11:48
Multiple Choice Question 8
12:16
Multiple Choice Question 9
12:42
Multiple Choice Question 10
13:08
Multiple Choice Question 11
13:40
Multiple Choice Question 12
14:03
Multiple Choice Question 13
14:30
Multiple Choice Question 14
14:59
Multiple Choice Question 15
15:24
Multiple Choice Question 16
15:49
Multiple Choice Question 17
16:23
Multiple Choice Question 18
16:47
Multiple Choice Question 19
17:09
Multiple Choice Question 20
17:41
Multiple Choice Question 21
18:02
Multiple Choice Question 22
18:19
Multiple Choice Question 23
18:49
Multiple Choice Question 24
19:11
Multiple Choice Question 25
19:32
Multiple Choice Question 26
20:02
Multiple Choice Question 27
20:23
Multiple Choice Question 28
20:50
Multiple Choice Question 29
21:11
Multiple Choice Question 30
21:40
Multiple Choice Question 31
22:13
Multiple Choice Question 32
22:33
Multiple Choice Question 33
22:55
Multiple Choice Question 34
23:27
Multiple Choice Question 35
23:49
Multiple Choice Question 36
24:11
Multiple Choice Question 37
24:32
Multiple Choice Question 38
24:57
Multiple Choice Question 39
25:23
Multiple Choice Question 40
25:50
Multiple Choice Question 41
26:18
Multiple Choice Question 42
26:44
Multiple Choice Question 43
27:09
Multiple Choice Question 44
27:36
Multiple Choice Question 45
28:02
Multiple Choice Question 46
28:20
Multiple Choice Question 47
28:39
Multiple Choice Question 48
29:08
Multiple Choice Question 49
29:39
Multiple Choice Question 50
30:03
Multiple Choice Question 51
30:28
Multiple Choice Question 52
30:50
Multiple Choice Question 53
31:07
Multiple Choice Question 54
31:32
Multiple Choice Question 55
31:50
Short Question 1
32:35
Short Question 2
34:20
Short Question 3
36:11
Short Question 4
37:18
AP Practice Exam, Section II: Free Response

29m 24s

Intro
0:00
Overview
0:10
Free-Response Section: DBQ
1:38
Brainstorm and Jot Down What You Already Know
2:20
Highlighter
2:57
Use Outside Knowledge
5:11
Assess and Cite the Documents
5:32
Free-Response Section: Long Essay
7:02
Historical Thinking Skills
7:20
Thematic Learning Objectives
7:42
Include an Introduction
8:04
Supporting Evidence
8:20
Free-Response Section: DBQ
8:25
Introduction
9:41
Thesis
9:44
Body Paragraphs
10:14
Support With Evidence
10:33
Historical Phenomena
10:49
Synthesize the Above Components
10:56
Conclusion
11:06
Restate Thesis
11:25
Synthesize the Evidence
12:02
Sample Thesis
12:16
Document 1
21:53
Document 2
22:13
Document 3-7
22:43
Free-Response Section: Long Essay
23:21
Sample Thesis
24:36
Continuity Over Time
25:37
Change Over Time
26:24
Historical Thinking Skills and Use of Evidence
27:36
Conclusion and Analysis
28:10
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The British Empire in North America, Part II

  • Imperial Wars amongst England, France, and Spain are profound on the Americas; Native Americans caught in the middle and this led to increased tribalization
  • The S. Atlantic system brought wealth to Euro economy but it brought economic decline, political change & human tragedy to W. Africa & parts of East Africa
  • Sugar was the most profitable crop in Europe & America.
  • The Middle Passage and Beyond: torn from their villages, they were marched in chains to coastal ports, then packed in hideously overcrowded ships; shackled; subjected to starvation, dehydration, feces, urine, vomit; roughly 1 in 10 voyages had a violent slave rebellion; more than one million died of disease or illness en route to the Americas; surviving meant 10-hour workdays; poor living conditions, insufficient food, and sexual abuse for women.
  • Enslaved Africans resisted the horrific conditions and also adapted to the New World as best as they could.
  • Famous uprising: the Stono Rebellion in 1739, South Carolina saw the largest slave uprising in the mainland colonies. The Catholic governor of Spanish Florida instigated the revolt by promising freedom to runaway slaves; groups began fleeing to Florida. When war broke out between England and Spain, 75 Africans led a revolt near the Stono River. A well-armed, mounted force of South Carolina militia quelled the Stono rebels by killing 44 slaves to suppress the rebellion. Frightened South Carolinians cut slave imports and tightened plantation discipline.
  • Salutary neglect--a policy when royal bureaucrats relaxed their supervision of internal colonial affairs & focused instead on defense and trade—led to increased colonial independence

The British Empire in North America, Part II

Lecture Slides are screen-captured images of important points in the lecture. Students can download and print out these lecture slide images to do practice problems as well as take notes while watching the lecture.

  1. Intro
    • Overview
    • Fighting in the North
    • Treaty of Utrecht
    • The Imperial Slave Economy
    • Sugar Revolution
    • Africa, Africans and the Slave Trade
    • Slave Trade
      • Middle Passage
        • Slavery in the Chesapeake and SC
        • A Black Majority Emerges in South Carolina
          • Images of Slavery
            • Resistance and Accommodation
            • Stono Rebellion
              • The Emergence of the Southern Gentry
              • Gentility
              • The Northern Urban Shipbuilding Economy
              • The Rise of Colonial Assemblies
              • The Power of the People Began to Grow
              • Salutary Neglect
              • Radical Whigs
              • Walpole
              • War Against Spain
              • The America Economic Challenge
              • Example 1
                • Example 2
                  • Example 3
                    • Intro 0:00
                    • Overview 0:06
                      • Imperial Wars and Native People
                      • Carolinas Armed with the Creek
                    • Fighting in the North 5:03
                      • The Abenakis and Mohawks
                      • Aggressive Neutrality
                    • Treaty of Utrecht 6:37
                      • Western Indian Trade
                      • Britain's Supremacy
                    • The Imperial Slave Economy 7:40
                      • The South Atlantic System
                      • The Sugar Plantations
                    • Sugar Revolution 10:09
                      • Most Profitable Crop
                      • Negative Effects
                    • Africa, Africans and the Slave Trade 12:03
                      • Changing the West African Society
                      • Benin
                      • The Imbalance of the Sexes
                    • Slave Trade 14:00
                    • Middle Passage 15:09
                    • Slavery in the Chesapeake and SC 17:58
                      • A Slave Society
                      • An African American Community
                      • The Gullah Dialect
                    • A Black Majority Emerges in South Carolina 21:50
                    • Images of Slavery 22:40
                    • Resistance and Accommodation 26:34
                      • Drastic Limits on African Americans
                      • Slave Protests
                      • Stono Rebellion of 1739
                    • Stono Rebellion 29:58
                    • The Emergence of the Southern Gentry 30:49
                      • Patriarchal Society
                      • The Planter Elite
                      • Owning a Slave
                    • Gentility 33:41
                      • Gentility
                      • The Profits of the South Atlantic System
                    • The Northern Urban Shipbuilding Economy 35:01
                      • Bills of Exchange
                      • Shipbuilding and the Distilling of Rum
                      • Commerce in Lumber and Shipbuilding
                      • Wealthy Landowners and Merchants
                    • The Rise of Colonial Assemblies 37:55
                      • Ruling With Gentle Hand
                      • American Representative Assemblies
                      • The Rising Power of the Colonial Assemblies
                    • The Power of the People Began to Grow 40:18
                      • Crowd Actions
                      • Representative Political Institutions
                    • Salutary Neglect 41:07
                      • Constitutional Monarchism
                      • The Prime Minister
                    • Radical Whigs 43:07
                      • Faction
                      • Incompetent Royal Bureaucracy
                    • Walpole 44:24
                      • Navigations Act
                      • A Degree of Independence
                      • Walpole's Concerns
                    • War Against Spain 45:29
                      • War of Jenkin's Ear
                      • War of Austrian Succession
                      • The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
                    • The America Economic Challenge 49:04
                      • Navigations Act
                      • The Molasses Act of 1733
                      • The Currency Act
                    • Example 1 51:48
                    • Example 2 55:42
                    • Example 3 59:52

                    Transcription: The British Empire in North America, Part II

                    Welcome back to www.educator.com.0000

                    In this lesson, we are going to talk about imperial wars and the slave economy.0003

                    The imperial wars involved England, France, and Spain, as they were really competing for empire,0010

                    trade opportunities and influence around the world, and especially, in North America and in the Caribbean.0019

                    Native Americans, as a result of this conflict, are going to be caught in the middle.0029

                    As a result, we are going to see increased tribalization.0034

                    Many of the groups are going to be divided in many ways.0041

                    Because the Native Americans are in the middle, they are going to be manipulated by Europeans.0047

                    These wars will be very destructive overall on the Native Americans.0054

                    In some cases, we will see Native Americans trying to play off the different European powers as well.0059

                    We are also going to talk about the slave trade, the South Atlantic system, and the sugar revolution.0068

                    We will also talk about resistance movements amongst Africans who were enslaved and African Americans.0078

                    We will also talk about how Africans adapted to North America and created an African American culture.0088

                    Despite their horrific conditions of slavery, we will see many Africans that are thrown together from different regions,0097

                    who spoke different languages, will forge a new identity and try to survive and create some kind of new culture,0107

                    despite the grim circumstances of being enslaved.0120

                    A lot to cover, let us get into it.0127

                    First, we are going to talk about the imperial wars and the effects on the Native people and how they participated in these wars.0130

                    We are going to see competition amongst the various European powers.0139

                    Between 1689 and 1815, particularly, Britain and France, fought several wars for dominance in western Europe.0143

                    That will certainly affect what is happening in North America, since they also have colonies in that region as well.0155

                    As the war spread to the Americas, they involved a number of Native American warriors armed with European weapons.0164

                    This is going to pull Native Americans into this complex and have a devastating effect on their societies,0172

                    as disease will continue to spread and their civilizations are being encroached upon by Europeans.0182

                    The war of Spanish succession that took place between 1702 and 1713 pitted Britain0194

                    against France and Spain, and prompted English settlers in the Carolinas to attack Florida.0201

                    This is one example of one of the imperial wars where we can see the tensions0210

                    between the different European powers is going to become a major problem or continue to be a major problem.0216

                    In addition, we are going to see that they might help to protect their English settlements, like in the Carolinas,0231

                    armed the Kiowa peoples to fend off the French and Spanish attacks.0238

                    We see the Kiowa has actually wanted to be the dominant Native American tribe in the southeastern part of the United States.0244

                    They are going to get caught up in this conflict.0255

                    That is going to kind of complicate relations amongst the Native American groups in that region.0265

                    In fact, the Kiowas, because they do attack a lot of the Franciscan missions in the south,0274

                    we are going to see that they end up capturing a lot of Apalachees whom they sold to South Carolina, slave traders.0283

                    They ended up getting enslaved.0293

                    This is just going to become a horrible situation for Native Americans in the southeastern part of what will become United States.0297

                    Moving to the northeast, we will also see Native Americans getting caught up in the conflicts.0308

                    Aided by the French, the Abenakis and Mohawks took revenge on the Puritans.0316

                    As you know, the Puritans had attacked, killed numerous Native Americans.0324

                    They are looking for retribution.0331

                    New Englanders responded by joining British forces and attacks on French strongholds in Nova Scotia and Quebec.0334

                    You can see this back and forth, especially, between the French and the British, and the British and the Spaniards.0343

                    That is going to pull in different Native American tribes in many ways and they will get divided as a result.0352

                    The New York frontier remained quiet because of the fur trade.0360

                    The fur trade was relatively peaceful.0366

                    Also, the Iroquois policy of aggressive neutrality where they were trading with the British and French but refusing to fight for either side.0370

                    In this way, we are seeing the Iroquois are kind of ahead of the game and they are taking advantage of the situation.0382

                    They are able to keep both European powers at bay while benefiting from the fur trade.0390

                    There were numerous wars in Europe that will affect relations in the Americas.0399

                    British will use the victories in Europe to win territorial and commercial concessions in the Americas.0407

                    Especially, a great example of that is in the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713.0416

                    Here we are going to see Britain gained more and more land.0423

                    They obtained Newfoundland, Acadia, the Hudson Bay region of Northern Canada.0427

                    They won these territories after beating France.0434

                    They will also be able to access the western Indian trade.0439

                    This is very significant because it solidified Britain's supremacy and brought peace for a while to North America.0445

                    Now we are going to get into the slave economy and talk about the overall, the triangular trade system,0462

                    sometimes known as the South Atlantic System.0470

                    Again, the South Atlantic system, its center was in Brazil.0474

                    Brazil was very important because lots of slaves were being imported there and sugar plantations were very profitable.0479

                    Remember, the Dutch who are previously involved in this and we are going to start to see more and more0493

                    that the British are going to start dominating this trade, as we talked about in the last lesson.0498

                    Its center was in Brazil and in the West Indies, and sugar was its main product.0504

                    Sugar was really the gold of the time.0512

                    This was a very profitable cash crop and in high demand at this time.0516

                    A little bit more about the South Atlantic System.0526

                    European merchants, investors, and planters, ran the system in that bay.0529

                    Provided the organizational skill, ships, and money needed to grow and process sugar cane.0536

                    To carry the refined sugar to the market and supply the plantations with the European tools and equipment.0544

                    They provide the infrastructure and the means to trade and transport the goods and so forth,0551

                    and ultimately, this will help facilitate this global trade system.0560

                    To provide labor for the sugar plantations, the British and French developed African-run slave catching systems0568

                    that extended far into the interior of Africa.0576

                    Africans were capturing other Africans, usually of enemy tribes, and were caught up in this awful slave trade.0580

                    We are going to see thousands of people, eventually millions of people will be enslaved.0593

                    At this point in time, we are going to see that they transported about 10,000 Africans per year to the Americas.0601

                    Sugar is going to be really instrumental, be revolutionary.0613

                    Yes, you could call this a sugar revolution.0618

                    Beginning with the 1620’s, Dutch merchants introduced sugar cultivation to the English and French settlements in the West Indies.0622

                    The sugar revolution quickly transformed their economies.0631

                    Very important, very profitable, in Europe and America.0635

                    As a result of the navigation acts that we talked about previously,0648

                    by 1750, free exports of American sugar and tobacco accounted for half of all British exports.0653

                    This was an extremely important cash crop to the British economy.0661

                    Ultimately, this system brought wealth to the European economy.0667

                    At the same time, we are going to see that this brought economic decline, political change,0675

                    and human tragedy to West Africa and parts of East Africa.0680

                    Again, thinking about the overall time period, we are starting to see Europe is growing tremendously, economically,0686

                    and then we will see technologically, really to the detriment of Africa, in particular.0698

                    We will also see other places around the world that eventually become part of the developing world.0706

                    This drain of human resources is going to have a negative effect on, especially West Africa.0713

                    The slave trade is definitely going to have a major effect on the world.0728

                    Not only we are going to see changes in demographics.0734

                    People being forcibly moved from one part of the world to another.0736

                    We are obviously going to see the huge drain from Africa.0743

                    The Europeans become very wealthy, as a result.0749

                    Those, especially, who are involved in the trade.0753

                    The slave trade changed the West African societies by promoting centralized states0757

                    and military conquest by kingdoms such as Marsali, Dahomey, and Ashanti.0763

                    Many of these African kingdoms participated in the slave trade, in order to gain wealth.0770

                    They made money too, those who were involved in the slave trade, and they also wanted power.0776

                    Other kingdoms such as Benin, opposed the trade in male slaves for over a century.0783

                    We did see certain kingdoms resist some of the slave trade.0793

                    In many African societies, there are several class divisions that hardened,0801

                    as people of noble birth enslaved and sold off those of lesser status.0807

                    And then ultimately, we are going to see that one of the effects of the slave trade is that0812

                    we are going to see an imbalance of the sexes that resulted from slave trading, allowed some African men to take several wives.0818

                    This is ultimately going to change the nature of marriage, ultimately,0828

                    the demographic makeup of both, we will see Africa and in the Americas.0836

                    Here is a map to show you what was happening between 1500 and 1870.0843

                    You could see that the Africans were being enslaved and taken from West Africa.0852

                    We will just say West Africa, the coast of West Africa.0864

                    Mostly transported to the Americas.0867

                    You can see South America, definitely to the Caribbean, where there were a lot of sugar plantations.0875

                    Brazil is going to be a major hub and also into British North America.0880

                    We will see, we oftentimes do not focus on the transport to other parts of the world, like in Europe and even the Middle East.0887

                    For our own purposes of this class, we are going to focus mainly on these regions.0899

                    I have a few visuals here for you to look at.0912

                    I want to say a few things about them.0915

                    This South Atlantic system, this triangular trade system, as it is sometimes simply called,0920

                    was much more complex than a simple triangle, as you already know.0929

                    But the passage, one thing I want to say about the first visual here, this is actually a diagram of a slave ship from the Atlantic slave trade.0934

                    Ultimately, you could see that they really packed in people like sardines, it was awful, and the conditions were horrific.0949

                    Many died on what they call the middle passage which was this trip, this voyage from Africa to the Americas.0958

                    This was really horrible, and many Africans that were enslaved are thrown together.0970

                    They are separated from their families and often spoke different languages.0977

                    Really horrific conditions, people will be vomiting and going to the bathroom, and dying.0983

                    It was really gruesome and inhumane.0991

                    It is considered one of the biggest tragedies in human history.0997

                    There is no doubt about it.1000

                    I really want to point that out and illustrate what a horrific trip that really was.1004

                    Part of this whole system, Africans brought to different regions in the Americas, and they would trade goods,1016

                    ultimately, that would be transported back to Europe or to Africa.1025

                    This chart here, you could also see the number of Africans arriving alive in the Americas and Europe, about 9,645,000.1032

                    Just taking a glance here, you will see several of the European countries that are involved in this slave trade.1047

                    The largest number to Brazil with 3,650,000.1055

                    You could see a pretty big percentage here about 14% died on slave ships, a pretty horrific process.1065

                    What happened once the enslaved people were brought to North America?1082

                    In the Chesapeake region and in South Carolina, we are going to talk about a little bit.1093

                    First, let us talk about Chesapeake.1099

                    In Virginia and Maryland, we will see a slave society was created.1100

                    We will see that slaves are increasingly being defined in racial terms.1109

                    When we first talked about the slaves coming to Virginia, we know that many of them actually came as indentured servants.1118

                    As time was passing in the late 17th century, we are definitely seeing that slaves are being defined in racial terms.1130

                    If you are African, African descent, you are automatically being labeled as a slave.1142

                    For instance, yes, you could see Virginia, most Africans were declared slaves.1151

                    Many historians like to point out that the conditions for slaves in the Chesapeake region were much better than they were in the Caribbean.1158

                    For instance, they have longer life spans.1168

                    Not to understate the situation in the Chesapeake region that is still horrible conditions being a slave.1173

                    You do not have your freedom.1185

                    In the West Indies, it was definitely much harsher and the slave masters were much more cruel to the slaves.1187

                    Again, despite these horrible conditions, families being ripped apart, you are being brought to a new land against your will.1200

                    We will see that human beings are tremendous in horrific conditions.1210

                    In many ways, we will be able to find ways to survive, in order to make the most of a horrible situation.1218

                    People do adapt and eventually we do see despite these horrific circumstances that an African American community does emerge.1230

                    Again, although most slaves initially saw themselves as members of specific clans and families.1243

                    Obviously, as different generations are established, we will start to see unity amongst different groups.1249

                    People try to forge some kind of normalcy, despite the horrific conditions.1260

                    Just a few more examples of that.1267

                    A common language was created, a new identity was created.1269

                    The Gullah dialect combined aspects of the African language, African words, depending on the region, and English.1274

                    This is a fusion of language that became distinctly African American.1287

                    We will also see that with a lot of customs and music, a lot of African music will be brought to the Americas and fused with European music.1296

                    People will make a hybrid of different cultural practices.1310

                    As more and more slaves are brought to North America, we are going to see a huge increase in the population of African Americans.1320

                    This is a good example, in South Carolina, especially, where there is a lot of rice plantation,1330

                    look at the rise in the population, 1700 to 1740.1338

                    Pretty significant, where there is a black majority.1343

                    That is going to have a huge effect on the social and demographic makeup of that region.1347

                    In fact, we will see that even the treatment of slaves will depend on the population breakdown.1357

                    In fact, the more densely populated colonies were of African slaves,1367

                    we will see that actually the treatment of those slaves was much worse.1376

                    A lot of that is because the masters felt threatened and wanted to keep their slaves in check, pretty horrible.1381

                    Some more images of the institution of slavery.1394

                    The first one I want to point to, it says Virginian luxuries.1400

                    Hopefully, you can take a look at this and see what is going on.1410

                    Who was in the painting, to what did the images refer?1414

                    If we look at the white man in both images, he represents a southern planter and slave owner.1421

                    The black woman is a slave, as is the black man.1432

                    In the images, as you can probably refer to slave owner sexual abuse of a black woman,1437

                    also, their physical abuse of their slaves, of African men.1448

                    Just to really show you how sick this whole institution was in the South and1456

                    how these slave owners viewed their slaves as their property, to do what they want with.1466

                    Pretty horrible, hard for us to wrap our minds around today.1478

                    Although, slavery is still around in many parts of the world, including, even in United States.1484

                    It has not completely gone away but it is not as in the open as it was during these times.1490

                    This picture here is pretty straightforward.1502

                    You can see that these were different traps and ways to restrain slaves.1505

                    That obviously get very inhumane and restrictive, and cruel.1515

                    Here, these two pictures actually are, one is more of a photograph and one really is showing more contemporary time,1523

                    I guess you could say since it is a photograph.1533

                    A picture here where you see African American women, I believe in both cases.1538

                    Although this is a little bit hard to see what sex the people are,1544

                    but they are harvesting rice to really illustrate that some of the work that they did.1548

                    Here we see, it says to be sold on Thursday, the third day of August.1555

                    A cargo of 94 prime, healthy Negros, consisting of 39 men, 15 boys, 24 women, and 16 girls,1563

                    just arrived in the brigantine Dembia from Sierra Leone.1571

                    Here you can see an advertisement for slaves to be sold.1577

                    Just to show you how entrenched and how much of a business this really was, and exploitative.1584

                    Obviously, the system is extremely cruel and many rose up against it.1599

                    There were drastic limits, to say the least, on African Americans.1605

                    Masters did not want their slaves to be educated.1610

                    They had few material goods and many were faced with violence,1615

                    especially, if they did not do as they were told or if they did not work as hard as the masters expected.1622

                    Again, the extent of violence depended on the size and density of the slave population.1632

                    Usually, the trend was that the more the slaves there were, the higher the population, the greater the violence that erupted.1639

                    I should also say the violence, especially, perpetrated on the slaves.1650

                    Nonetheless, we do see there were several slave protests.1656

                    It certainly would be tempting, if you were a slave and there were huge majorities, to band together and rise up.1659

                    Being assertive could result in whippings.1671

                    If you spoke up, if you said no or you questioned your master, you could face a kind of a violent backlash.1679

                    Some Africans fled to the frontier, ran away, to establish traditional villages or married into Indian tribes.1689

                    Some bartered for better terms of their bondage.1699

                    Some tried different work to try to have better circumstances.1706

                    Someone that work on Sundays or would work slowly, this is really a great example of how most slaves would show resistance.1713

                    Not so much, the most radical example of killing your master and having this huge insurrection.1727

                    Just finding little ways to undermine the institution overall.1735

                    Not work on Sundays or work slowly or steal, some would resort to killing their owners or officers.1744

                    Obviously, that is more radical, those who really wanted to just get out of the situation and wanted complete retribution.1750

                    There were some significant slave uprisings.1764

                    The most famous one in the 1700’s was the Stono rebellion, in 1739, that occurred in South Carolina,1770

                    while a war between England and Spain broke out.1780

                    It was an opportune time because of a little bit of instability.1784

                    75 Africans rose up in revolt and killed a number of whites near the Stono river.1789

                    I have a little sign here that commemorates it.1798

                    As you could see here, the largest slave insurrection began September 9, 1739.1802

                    Taking guns and other weapons, they killed two shopkeepers.1811

                    The rebels marched south toward promised freedom in Spanish Florida, waving flags, beating drums, and shouting liberty.1814

                    Here you can see the numbers are a little bit different than in my previous slide, but just to also to show you different sources,1822

                    oftentimes have different estimates of people involved; so make sure that you track your sources.1831

                    It is always an important thing.1847

                    We are going to talk about southern gentry, as well.1851

                    As the southern colonies became slave societies, life changed for whites as well as for blacks.1856

                    We do see in the south, a pretty solid patriarchal society.1863

                    There is certainly a planter’s elite that exercise authority over black slaves and yeomen, small farmers.1868

                    The American equivalent of oppressed peasants and serfs of Europe.1876

                    We talked about the manor system before.1881

                    Although, it had mixed results, depending on the region, in many ways that mindset,1883

                    the feudal mindset, did really take root much more in the south.1893

                    To prevent rebellion, the southern gentry paid attention to the concerns of middle class and poor whites.1900

                    This is where we are going to see the race does matter early on, especially in the 1700’s.1907

                    Especially, the poor whites but also some of the middle class whites,1918

                    do not have the opportunities and do not own slaves like the plantation owners.1922

                    In many ways, they are going to be manipulated by the planter class.1935

                    And also, feed into this racist ethos that kind of keeps black slaves in their place, something to keep in mind.1941

                    By 1770, the majority of English Chesapeake families owned a slave but not huge numbers,1957

                    giving them a stake in the exploitative labor system.1965

                    That is going to set the foundation for this inequality that is established in the southeastern part of the United States, especially.1969

                    Taxes were gradually reduced for poor whites and poor yeomen, and some tenants were allowed to vote.1981

                    They throw them a bone, so to speak, and made them feel like they had power and they were invested in this system.1988

                    This kind of kept it stable.1997

                    In return, the planter elite expected the yeomen and tenants to elect them to office and to defer to their power.2001

                    It is a very patronizing type of relationship that is seeking to create a stable system that benefits the gentry class.2011

                    We do see along the same lines.2028

                    By the 1720’s, the gentry took on the trappings of wealth, modelling themselves after the English aristocracy and practicing gentility,2030

                    refined but elaborate lifestyle that came to be highly prized among well to do English families after 1600.2039

                    They view themselves as upper class, although the British gentry do not view the American gentry as equals,2051

                    which gives perhaps the American gentry a bit of an inferiority complex.2062

                    Yet, they still will strive to come across as these aristocrats and to keep pursuing wealth.2071

                    Anyway, we will see the profits of the South Atlantic System helped to form an increasingly well-educated, refined, and stable ruling class.2082

                    That is the main point here.2097

                    This system will be stable and intact.2099

                    Now we are going to shift to the North.2103

                    Thinking back to that triangular trade and how all of these different regions, not only in North America2109

                    but also throughout the world are tied together.2117

                    Although, we certainly will see different economies emerging.2122

                    In the north, yes, it is going to be much more urban and less agricultural.2128

                    The economy is going to be based on shipbuilding and commerce.2135

                    We will see that is going to be a huge sector of the northern economy.2141

                    The South Atlantic System will tie the whole British empire together economically, in part through bills of exchange.2148

                    A form of credit offered by London merchants and used by planters to buy slaves from Africa,2159

                    and to pay North American farmers and merchants.2165

                    Here is the capital, if you will.2170

                    The form of credit that will help fund this whole system.2172

                    To pay for slaves, slaves will be used for labor.2179

                    Labor helps produce the goods, the goods will be sold.2182

                    As you can see, this is all connected as part of the whole system.2186

                    The West African trade created the first American urban industries such as shipbuilding and the distilling of rum.2193

                    Sugar that was produced would eventually be transported back to Northeastern cities, where they would refine it into rum.2201

                    With all of these industries growing, we will see eventually the expansion of the lumber industry,2217

                    as well as shipbuilding that will help the growth of cities and coastal towns, ultimately, urbanized the northeast.2224

                    There will be a strong merchant class that will have a huge control over the region, society, and economy.2234

                    Between 1660 and 1750, involvement in the South Atlantic System brought economic uncertainty,2248

                    however, as well as jobs to Northern workers and farmers.2254

                    It is kind of a mix bag.2261

                    On one hand, we are going to see that it is becoming more urbanized.2263

                    The system is becoming entrenched but it did not always benefit everyone.2267

                    Created a lot of uncertainty.2272

                    Politically, we are going to see that after the Dominion of New England and with the triumph of the South Atlantic System,2278

                    we are going see that the British were content to rule the colonies with a gentle hand.2292

                    The colonies were in a position, therefore, to start challenging the rules of the mercantilist system.2301

                    That had, historically, benefited Great Britain to the detriment of the colonies.2308

                    We know why the people start to question this unfair relationship.2317

                    We know the Glorious Revolution occurred.2323

                    We know that there was the Declaration of Rights in 1689 that helps strengthen the powers of the commons,2325

                    at the expense of the crown, the House of Commons, that is.2333

                    We are starting to see the people becoming more and more empowered.2338

                    This is going to influence the American colonies and American representative assemblies also wished to limit the powers of the crown.2343

                    They also wanted to control their own taxation and local appointments.2352

                    We will see the rise of colonial assemblies.2360

                    Not to say that this is a 100% democratic because it is not.2365

                    It is limited and it is elitist.2369

                    You had to have wealth, you had to be a property owner.2375

                    It was limited, obviously.2382

                    However, what was changing is that, as it says, that neither elitist assemblies2387

                    nor wealthy property owners could impose unpopular edicts on the people.2394

                    That is very significant.2400

                    We are starting to see the empowerment of the people and that they are willing to speak out,2404

                    and to speak up if policies were unfair and restrictive and unjust.2408

                    Yes, the power of the people began to grow.2420

                    Crowd actions were a regular part of political life and were used to help foster community values.2422

                    By the 1750’s, most colonies, as you could see, had political institutions that were responsive to popular pressure.2434

                    The majority, in other words.2445

                    They increasingly were becoming immune from British control.2448

                    They are questioning mercantilist policies, those navigation acts, for instance.2454

                    They are ignoring them, they are working around them.2460

                    They have their own agenda.2464

                    That is going to continue to occur in the colonies during the 1750’s and onward.2467

                    During this period of Locke's administration, what we call salutary neglect.2476

                    This policy when royal bureaucrats relax their supervision of internal colonial affairs and focus instead on defense and trade.2481

                    Instead of controlling the colonial affairs and trying to micromanage the ships, and so forth,2493

                    and really enforce the navigation acts, we are going to see that2505

                    the crown is going to start following the advice of Sir Robert Walpole who was a British Whig.2510

                    They were pretty progressive, I guess you could say, for this time period.2522

                    They opposed absolute rule and supported constitutional monarchism.2527

                    They also later advocated for free trade and the abolition of slavery.2534

                    Horace Walpole, who was a Whig was elected to the House of Commons in 1701, became an outstanding orator.2543

                    He was eventually appointed to the Secretary of War in 1708 and also the Secretary of the Navy in 1710.2553

                    He had some really important roles in government.2562

                    Although he was later accused of corruption, he made a comeback.2565

                    In 1715, he was made the Chancellor of the Exchequer and became known as Prime Minister.2570

                    That is very significant because he was the first in Great Britain's history.2579

                    Anyway, kind of worked his way to the top and was very influential.2584

                    I'm going to come back to him.2591

                    We will see that radical Whigs in 18th century factions...2592

                    They kind of split it like moderate Whigs and unradical Whigs, much more extreme.2597

                    Protested corruption in government.2603

                    The growing cost of the British empire and the rise of a wealthy class of government and related financiers,2605

                    argued that Walpole used patronage and bribery to create a strong party or court party.2612

                    There will be those who will criticize his policies.2619

                    Landed gentlemen argued that Walpole’s high taxes and bloated incompetent rule of bureaucracy2622

                    threatened the liberties of the British people.2627

                    Colonies maintaining that royal governors likewise, abused their patronage powers over provincial representative assemblies.2632

                    There will be those critics of his system and a lot of people believe that patronage was very corrupt,2642

                    giving jobs to your friends, family members, etc, was really immoral and wrong and inefficient, and so forth.2649

                    He will certainly feel the pressure.2661

                    Yet, we will see that his policies are going to be put in place and that will empower the colonies.2666

                    He does relax, laxly enforce the regulations, including the navigation acts.2674

                    It is really during this time period that gave the American colonies a degree of independence,2680

                    that will later directly lead to the revolutionary movement.2689

                    Yes, it will be extremely important in the outbreak of, leading up to the outbreak of the American revolution.2697

                    Why did he pursue this policy?2705

                    He wanted to protect British commercial interest in America, first and foremost, from the Spanish and the French.2708

                    He arranged for Parliament to subsidize Georgia, in order to protect the valuable rice colony of South Carolina.2719

                    I should also mention before I move on, I did not include it in the last slide.2731

                    He also did not believe that meddling and micromanaging the colonies was effective.2736

                    In fact, that fostered bad relations and that ended up hurting England in the long run.2746

                    He really believed that, allow the colonies to continue to trade and to not to be as restrictive,2757

                    that will in fact foster loyalty and will help the economic system overall in the long run.2768

                    However, we still will see that France and Spain will continue to be a threat to the British.2778

                    First, we are going to talk about Spain and we are also going to mention France in here too.2786

                    Resisting British expansion into Georgia and growing trade with Mesoamerica,2791

                    Spanish naval forces felt threatened and they sparked the war of Jenkins ear in 1739.2797

                    This was a famous war that was part of the war of Austrian succession that involves several European powers.2806

                    This is going to definitely play into the tensions, especially,2822

                    we will see between Great Britain and Spain, and also Great Britain and France.2827

                    But basically, what happened in the border of Jenkins ear, it has a really funny name,2833

                    is that one of the Spaniards actually sliced off one of the British captain, Captain Robert Jenkins.2838

                    He received this as a punishment for raiding one of the Spanish ships.2861

                    Jenkins actually brings back part of his severed ear to the British to really put pressure on the British government,2868

                    to do something about it and to fight against the Spaniards.2879

                    This will definitely help to provoke war, although, they are not very successful.2884

                    We will see even Oglethorpe ends up get going into Florida and he will try to seize several forts, but really is not that successful.2891

                    Anyway, this is an example of how tensions between Britain and Spain are continuing to be a major problem in the Americas.2903

                    In addition, the treaty of Aix-la Chapelle in 1748, will turn the French naval fortress of Luxembourg to France,2916

                    after its capture by New England militia men.2924

                    But the treaty also ultimately will reaffirm British military superiority over Spain, effectively giving Georgia to the British.2928

                    That is the outcome of that.2942

                    Lastly, we are going to see that because of the Locke's administration and because the navigation acts, that are not being enforced strictly,2947

                    colonial merchants are going to take advantage of different loopholes, especially, in the navigation acts,2961

                    and allowed Americans to own ships and transport goods.2968

                    This ultimately allowed colonies to cut dramatically into commerce into the Atlantic2972

                    which means they are making profits and they have power of the purse.2978

                    That is going to empower them to start speaking out and rebel against the British.2982

                    There were some laws, however, that are going to not be very popular.2993

                    The Molasses Act, for instance, of 1733, placed a high tariff on imports of French molasses to make British molasses competitive.2998

                    But sugar prices rose in the late 1730’s, so the act was not enforced.3007

                    Here we see British trying to restrict trade but it is not very effective, kind of backfired.3013

                    The Currency Act in 1751 prevented colonies from establishing new land banks3021

                    and prohibited the use of public currency to pay private debts.3026

                    We are going to start to see that because the issue at this point in time is that3034

                    they needed paper currency to pay for a lot of these goods.3041

                    The colonial currency was pretty worthless.3047

                    Britain was trying to benefit and make profits.3051

                    In this way, they are trying to control the capital and make sure that it has worth.3055

                    Anyway, more and more laws and restrictions are being placed on the colonial merchants, and that is going to become unpopular.3065

                    We are going to start to see a backlash in Great Britain to the salutary neglect policies,3074

                    as many really want to see Britain flex its muscle.3081

                    In the 1740’s, British officials vow to replace salutary neglect with rigorous imperial control.3086

                    We will get into that a little bit later on and we are going to see another turning point in this overall timeline of British colonial relations.3095

                    I think we are going to get into the practice questions.3109

                    This is the first one I have is an excerpt and this will be for multiple choice questions.3115

                    Let us get into it.3124

                    This is an excerpt from Olaudah Equiano.3126

                    I'm sure you have heard of him, if you have studied this topic.3132

                    He is extremely famous for his narrative where he writes about the slave trade in the South Atlantic system.3134

                    Anyway, here it goes.3148

                    Some of this has been deleted, this is just an excerpt.3150

                    I was sold and carried through a number of places till, at the end of 6 or 7 months after I have been kidnapped, I arrived at the sea coast.3156

                    Now I saw myself deprived of all chances of returning to my native country.3172

                    I was soon put down under the decks and there I received such a salutation in my nostrils, as I have never experienced in my life.3177

                    That with the loatheness of the stench and crying together, I became so sick and low,3188

                    that I was not able to eat, nor had I the least desire to taste anything.3195

                    I now wish for the last friend, death, to relieve me.3201

                    But soon to my grief, two of the white men offered me edibles.3205

                    Now I’m refusing to eat, one of them held me fast by the hands and tied my feet while the other flogged me severely.3210

                    I have never experienced anything of these before, his description.3220

                    I may just have given you the answer in my introduction.3234

                    Which of the following is Olaudah Equiano describing?3238

                    Life as a slave in America, The Stono rebellion, The middle passage, Or the Columbian exchange?3244

                    The answer is the middle passage.3255

                    Number 2, according to Vincent Carretta, a historian, Equiano’s story was fictitious.3261

                    Which of the following best explains why he would create such a fictitious story?3268

                    He was a slavery sympathizer.3280

                    He was an antislavery activist.3282

                    He wanted to start a back to Africa movement.3285

                    He wanted to incite a violent rebellion in South Carolina.3287

                    Which of the following best explains why he would create such a fictitious story?3294

                    The answer is this, he was an antislavery activist.3305

                    According to this historian, he ended up creating this work to advocate for the antislavery cause3312

                    and show how horrific the middle passage ultimately was, and how cruel the institution of slavery, the practice was.3325

                    How inhumane, cruel, and certainly unusual it was.3335

                    Let us move on to example 2.3346

                    This is an excerpt from Sugar Changed the World.3350

                    By 1753, British ships were taking an average, let us use our highlighter, 34,250 slaves from Africa every year.3353

                    By 1768, that number had reached 53,100.3366

                    The sugar that piled up on the decks near the plantations was something new in this world.3372

                    Pure sweetness, pure pleasure, so cheap, that the common people could afford it.3377

                    Cane sugar was the first product in human history that perfectly satisfied that desire.3382

                    The bitter lives of the enslaved Africans produced so much sugar that pure sweetness began to spread around the world.3389

                    Between the 1600’s and the 1800’s, sugar drove the entire economy like in Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas.3399

                    The true age of sugar had begun and it was doing more to reshape the world than any ruler, empire, or war has ever gone.3411

                    This is a short answer question.3425

                    With these questions, you have to answer every part, A, B, and C.3427

                    I will give you an example.3439

                    There are different ways of answering these questions.3441

                    I’m just going to give you an example so you can get an idea of how to formulate your responses.3443

                    Let us look at this, part A.3451

                    Identify and briefly explain how the sugar trade impacted enslaved West Africans.3452

                    There are different ways of approaching this.3461

                    You can read through all of them first or you may even want to just go one by one, it depends on your style.3462

                    This time, I’m going to actually read through all of them.3469

                    B, identify and briefly explain how the sugar trade impacted British merchants who invested in the sugar trade.3472

                    I’m rushing myself.3484

                    Identify and briefly explain how the sugar trade impacted enslaved West Africans.3485

                    Identify and briefly explain how the sugar trade impacted British merchants who invested in the sugar trade.3495

                    C, identify and briefly explain how the sugar trade reshaped American colonial society in the late 17th century and early 18th centuries.3504

                    I’m trying to highlight keywords that will help me stay focused on my answers.3518

                    I will give you an example for letter A.3525

                    You may want to pause so that you can come up with your own answers and check to see what I came up with.3529

                    For letter A, I came up with the sugar trade impacted enslaved West Africans between 1500 and 1870,3536

                    as over 10,000,000 Africans were uprooted and forced to migrate to the Americas to work on sugar plantations.3546

                    Pretty straightforward.3555

                    B, British merchants invested in the sugar trade became very wealthy.3557

                    Mercantilist policies ensured that they could make huge profits.3564

                    Lastly, letter C, because of the sugar trade, a slave society was established in the late 17th and early 18th centuries.3572

                    The population of African Americans grew tremendously during that time.3581

                    There are some examples for your short answer.3589

                    Here is our last example which is a long essay question.3596

                    This has a short quotation.3603

                    If no restrictions were placed on the colonies, they would flourish.3605

                    This is an excerpt from Robert Walpole who we just learned about.3611

                    Let us look at the question.3615

                    Based on the quotation above and your knowledge of U.S. history,3617

                    explain the British view of the American colonies between 1607 and 1763.3621

                    This is a pretty big time period, you have a lot of possibilities.3631

                    Remember, there is no right or wrong way to answer this.3637

                    There a lot of different approaches to this question.3640

                    As long as you have the evidence to back up your thesis which is really important.3644

                    Again, you can use several different examples because this is a broad time period.3654

                    I would certainly mention both ends of this time period.3660

                    1607 should hopefully trigger something in your mind.3667

                    You should remember the Virginia colony being established in that year.3674

                    This will actually be the year that is the end of the French Indian war, that we will talk about more next time.3682

                    But you could certainly talk about all the policies that we have gone over in this lesson and in the previous lesson.3688

                    This is getting you to pull together all the information that you have learned up to this point,3696

                    especially concerning British colonial relations, economic relations, in particular, and political relations too.3702

                    I’m going to give you a very succinct example of an introduction.3715

                    Then, I’m going to give you some suggestions for a few other body paragraphs.3721

                    Here it goes, by the early 17th century, the British looked to compete with other European powers and3728

                    establish colonies and create opportunities for British merchants and companies to lure English settlers and investors.3735

                    Early settlements included corporate, proprietary, and royal colonies that were under direct control.3746

                    In the 17th century, England adopted a policy of mercantilism in which the government would regulate trade and production.3763

                    Colonies were to provide raw material to the parent country, where the growth and profit of that country's industry.3773

                    The purpose of the colonies, therefore, was to enrich the parent country and to serve the mother country.3781

                    I put my thesis there at the end of the paragraph to emphasize my point.3790

                    In the first paragraph, I would suggest that you approach this chronologically.3799

                    You discuss the early settlements and perhaps talk about Jamestown3807

                    and Massachusetts Bay colony being established and how they were corporate colonies.3815

                    You can also talk about some proprietary colonies, if you want to bring in Maryland as well.3823

                    You may want to talk about what the goal was, that tobacco eventually became a profitable cash crop in Virginia and in Maryland,3835

                    and allowed both of those colonies to succeed and prosper, ultimately.3846

                    Although, we will see especially in Virginia when there were periods of instability,3855

                    that the British will also crack down on the Virginians and place some under direct control and establish a royal colony,3862

                    which will give them more control over that colony because problems arose.3873

                    Something along those lines, perhaps you could address in the first paragraph.3881

                    Kind of talking about the early history of British investment in the colonies and what the purpose of those colonies really was.3885

                    Not so much, you could bring in that some colonies were created because they were leaving, just persecution.3896

                    If it is talking about 1607, we know that religion is not as much of a factor.3910

                    You really want to bring in Virginia in that question, I think, in your response to that question.3916

                    The second paragraph, you could actually discuss the restoration period which we talked about previously,3924

                    and the navigation acts and how those restrictions were very indicative, that the British are looking to make profits,3932

                    and that they view the colonies as the children and it is a very patronizing relationship.3945

                    And of course, you can talk about how the colonies start to rebel against those policies and3957

                    how the restrictive policies are not very effective in the long run.3963

                    They start to work around them and trade with other powers like the French and the Spaniards.3972

                    What else could you include?3983

                    Also, in that second paragraph, you could talk about the development of the northeastern cities and industries like shipbuilding and rum distilleries.3985

                    And how the British will feel somewhat threatened by that success,3999

                    that ultimately they want to make sure that they do not flourish too much.4005

                    Kind of going back to your quotation that the profits are benefiting Great Britain and not the colonies.4011

                    That they are still British subjects, in other words, to the crown, the British crown.4023

                    The third paragraph, you could go into salutary neglect and Walpole, and how this will be a turning point,4030

                    in terms of British American colonial relations and this is a period of Locke's administration.4040

                    This will help the rise of self government in North America and that eventually this will backfire,4049

                    as many British will end up criticizing his approach and ultimately call for harsher policies that will restrict colonial trade.4059

                    We are going to get into, next time, we will talk more about the French Indian war.4077

                    But for the sake of this example here, I think you have enough to work with it, where you could organize your essay.4083

                    Again, kind of giving you several examples to address this time period,4093

                    to show that the purpose of the colonies was to provide cheap raw materials4100

                    and to play an important role in the South Atlantic system that ultimately the British were to benefit from this system and not the colonies.4110

                    With that, thank you for watching www.educator.com.4125