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Trigonometry > Vectors
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QuickNotes™  

Vectors

Main formulas:

  • All vectors have magnitude and direction (except the zero vector, which has no direction).
  • Magnitude: r = √{x2 + y2}
  • Direction: θ = arctan(y/x) or θ = arctan(y/x), depending on the signs of x and y
  • Components:
    x
    =
    r cosθ
    y
    =
    r sinθ

Example 1:

Find the magnitude and direction of a vector whose horizontal and vertical components are −3 and 4.

Example 2:

A horizontal force of 30N is applied to a box on a 30°  ramp. Find the components of the force parallel to the ramp and perpendicular to the ramp.

Example 3:

A small plane leaves Great Falls, Montana heading N60° W (this means 60° west of north) at an airspeed of 160 km/h. Meanwhile the wind is blowing from the direction N60° E at 40 km/h. Assuming that Great Falls is 180km south of the US/Canadian border and the border runs due east/west, how long will it be until the plane enters Canadian airspace?

Example 4:

Find the components of a vector of magnitude 8 that points 30°  west of south.

Example 5:

A ship is sailing in a current that flows at 5km/h northeast. The ship's captain steers a course (direction) 30°  east of south at 40km/h relative to the water. Find the true speed and course of the ship.
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