Without Statistics, the type of quantitative reasoning necessary for making important would be nearly impossible. In Educator's AP Statistics course, Dr. Philip Yates teaches you both the theoretical aspects and real-world applications of statistical analysis, along with how to ace the AP test. Professor Yates directs you through difficult concepts with easy to understand examples. He brings Statistics to life by drawing from his love and investigations of sports statistics and environmental science. This course is indispensible to those having difficulty with any topic in statistics ranging from Data Analysis, Probability, and Sampling, to Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Testing. Along with his strong academic background and enthusiasm, Dr. Yates brings with him over eight years of Statistics teaching experience.
| I. Introduction |
| |
Basic Ideas |
17:34 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Basic Definitions |
0:09 | |
| | |
| Element (member, unit) |
0:20 | |
| | |
| Variable |
1:01 | |
| | |
| Observation (measurement) |
1:18 | |
| | |
| Data Set |
1:40 | |
| | |
Example: Basic Definitions |
1:55 | |
| | |
Qualitative Variables |
4:58 | |
| | |
Quantitative Variables |
6:16 | |
| | |
| Discrete Variable |
6:33 | |
| | |
| Continuous Variable |
7:36 | |
| | |
Cross Section vs Time Series Data |
8:58 | |
| | |
Summation Notation |
10:50 | |
| | |
Summation Notation 2 |
12:59 | |
| | |
Summation Notation 3 |
15:32 | |
| II. Exploring Data |
| |
Raw Data, Dotplots, Stemplots |
27:24 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Raw Data |
0:07 | |
| | |
| Ungrouped Data |
0:25 | |
| | |
| Example: Ages |
0:39 | |
| | |
Features of Graphical Displays of Distributions |
1:28 | |
| | |
| Center and Spread |
1:54 | |
| | |
| Clusters and Gaps |
2:04 | |
| | |
| Outliers (extreme values) |
2:12 | |
| | |
| Symmetric |
2:48 | |
| | |
| Skewed |
3:14 | |
| | |
| Uniform |
3:47 | |
| | |
Dotplots |
4:58 | |
| | |
Example: Dotplots |
8:51 | |
| | |
Stemplot |
11:12 | |
| | |
| Stem and Leaf |
11:17 | |
| | |
Example: Stemplot |
15:18 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
3:48 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
4:00 | |
| |
Histograms, Cumulative Frequency Plots |
10:21 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Features of Graphical Displays of Distributions |
0:07 | |
| | |
Histogram |
3:03 | |
| | |
| Common Programs |
3:09 | |
| | |
Example: Histogram |
6:14 | |
| | |
Cumulative Frequency Plot |
7:43 | |
| | |
Example: Cumulative Frequency Plot |
8:16 | |
| |
Summarizing Distributions, Measuring Center |
16:04 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Measures of Central Tendency |
0:08 | |
| | |
Mean (average) |
0:28 | |
| | |
| Mean for Population Data |
0:51 | |
| | |
| Mean for Sample Data |
1:18 | |
| | |
Example: Mean |
1:57 | |
| | |
Example: Mean |
2:49 | |
| | |
Median |
3:53 | |
| | |
Example: Median |
4:52 | |
| | |
Example: Median |
6:47 | |
| | |
Mode |
8:01 | |
| | |
| Unimodal |
8:11 | |
| | |
| Bimodal |
8:19 | |
| | |
| Multimodal |
8:24 | |
| | |
Example: Mode |
8:34 | |
| | |
Example: Mode |
9:53 | |
| | |
Effect of Changing Units |
10:31 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
1:53 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
1:36 | |
| |
Measuring Spread: Range, IQR, Standard Deviation |
18:04 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Measuring Spread |
0:08 | |
| | |
Range |
1:06 | |
| | |
| Example |
1:16 | |
| | |
| Example |
1:35 | |
| | |
Standard Deviation |
2:05 | |
| | |
| Population Standard Deviation |
2:14 | |
| | |
| Sample Standard Deviation |
3:13 | |
| | |
Example: Standard Deviation |
4:11 | |
| | |
Example: Standard Deviation |
6:05 | |
| | |
Interquartile Range (IQR) |
8:05 | |
| | |
Example: Interquartile Range |
9:03 | |
| | |
Example: Interquartile Range |
10:27 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
3:15 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
2:28 | |
| |
Measuring Position: Quartiles, Percentiles, Standardized Scores |
16:28 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Measure of Position |
0:09 | |
| | |
| Quartile, Percentile, Z-Scores |
0:24 | |
| | |
Quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3) |
0:32 | |
| | |
| Example |
0:51 | |
| | |
Example: Quartiles |
1:28 | |
| | |
Example: Quartiles |
3:27 | |
| | |
Percentiles |
5:44 | |
| | |
Example: Percentiles |
6:19 | |
| | |
Example: Percentiles |
7:24 | |
| | |
Standardized Score (Z-Score) |
8:27 | |
| | |
Example: Standardized Score |
9:23 | |
| | |
Example: Standardized Score |
10:21 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
2:56 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
2:11 | |
| |
Boxplots |
15:37 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
What is a Boxplot? |
0:05 | |
| | |
| Five Number Summary |
0:15 | |
| | |
Example: Boxplot |
0:30 | |
| | |
Example: Boxplot |
4:33 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
3:09 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
2:21 | |
| |
Comparing Distributions of Univariate Data |
24:19 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Comparing Features |
0:07 | |
| | |
| Compare Center & Spread |
0:11 | |
| | |
| Compare Clusters & Gaps |
0:23 | |
| | |
| Compare Outliers and Unusual Features |
0:33 | |
| | |
| Compare Shapes |
0:55 | |
| | |
| Symmetric |
1:00 | |
| | |
| Skewed Right |
1:20 | |
| | |
| Skewed Left |
1:31 | |
| | |
| Uniform |
1:41 | |
| | |
Example: Dotplots |
1:56 | |
| | |
Example: Back to Back Stemplots |
5:16 | |
| | |
Example: Parallel Boxplots |
10:21 | |
| | |
Example: Back to Back Stemplots |
15:03 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
2:00 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
5:06 | |
| |
Exploring Bivariate Data: Scatterplots |
13:45 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Bivariate Data |
0:08 | |
| | |
| Example: Student Scores |
0:31 | |
| | |
Example: Scatterplot |
1:08 | |
| | |
Example: Scatterplot |
2:36 | |
| | |
Correlation and Linearity |
3:49 | |
| | |
Example: Correlation |
5:30 | |
| | |
Example: Correlation |
6:55 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
3:10 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
2:21 | |
| |
Least Squares Regression |
17:32 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Least Squares Regression Line |
0:06 | |
| | |
| Why Least Squares? |
0:25 | |
| | |
| Equations |
1:21 | |
| | |
Example 1: Age and Price |
2:02 | |
| | |
Example 2: Weld Diameter |
5:47 | |
| | |
Diagnostics |
8:39 | |
| | |
| Residuals |
8:58 | |
| | |
| Normal Probability Plot |
10:09 | |
| | |
| Studentized Residuals (Hat Matrix) |
10:29 | |
| | |
Transformations |
10:48 | |
| | |
| Logarithmic Transformation |
11:04 | |
| | |
| Square Root Transformation |
11:44 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
3:07 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
2:11 | |
| |
Exploring Categorical Data |
17:00 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Frequency Tables |
0:05 | |
| | |
| Example: Student Age |
0:16 | |
| | |
| Relative Frequency |
0:55 | |
| | |
Bar Graphs |
1:59 | |
| | |
Marginal and Joint Probabilities |
3:54 | |
| | |
Example 1: Gender and Beer |
6:52 | |
| | |
Conditional Probabilities |
8:47 | |
| | |
Example 2: Gender and Beer |
11:41 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
2:09 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
1:56 | |
| III. Sampling and Experimentation |
| |
Methods of Data Collection |
12:04 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Purpose |
0:05 | |
| | |
Census |
1:22 | |
| | |
| Example: US Census |
1:36 | |
| | |
| Example: Fireworks Factory |
2:34 | |
| | |
Sample Survey |
3:41 | |
| | |
Experiment |
6:12 | |
| | |
| Example: Coke vs Pepsi |
7:09 | |
| | |
Observational Study |
8:19 | |
| | |
Observational or Experiment |
9:30 | |
| | |
| Example 1 |
9:53 | |
| | |
| Example 2 |
10:24 | |
| | |
| Example 3 |
11:17 | |
| |
Planning and Conducting Surveys |
13:51 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Ideal Surveys |
0:06 | |
| | |
| Random Selection |
0:16 | |
| | |
Characteristics of Surveys |
0:42 | |
| | |
| Chance |
0:50 | |
| | |
| Random Samples |
1:02 | |
| | |
| No Source of Bias |
1:32 | |
| | |
Populations, Samples, Random Selection |
2:21 | |
| | |
| Population |
2:28 | |
| | |
| Sample |
2:51 | |
| | |
Sources of Bias |
4:14 | |
| | |
| Example |
4:33 | |
| | |
Sampling Methods |
7:27 | |
| | |
| Simple Random Sampling (SRS) |
7:40 | |
| | |
| Example |
8:33 | |
| | |
| Stratified Random Sampling (Strata) |
10:03 | |
| | |
| Example |
11:06 | |
| | |
| Cluster Sampling |
12:19 | |
| | |
| Example |
13:06 | |
| |
Planning and Conducting Experiments |
19:32 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Purpose |
0:06 | |
| | |
Characteristics |
1:00 | |
| | |
Basic Terms |
2:00 | |
| | |
| Treatment |
2:12 | |
| | |
| Control Group |
2:30 | |
| | |
| Experimental Units |
3:17 | |
| | |
| Random Assignment |
3:38 | |
| | |
| Replication |
4:19 | |
| | |
Sources of Bias and Confounding |
4:48 | |
| | |
| Counfounding |
5:00 | |
| | |
| Example |
5:29 | |
| | |
| Placebo Effect |
6:41 | |
| | |
| Example |
7:08 | |
| | |
| Blinding |
7:56 | |
| | |
| Example |
8:24 | |
| | |
Completely Randomized Design |
9:12 | |
| | |
Randomized Block Design |
12:44 | |
| | |
| Block |
12:55 | |
| | |
| Matched Pairs |
13:22 | |
| | |
| Example |
13:41 | |
| | |
| Randomized Block Design |
15:09 | |
| | |
| Example |
15:30 | |
| | |
Studies and Surveys vs Experiments |
17:03 | |
| IV. Probability |
| |
Experiment, Outcomes, and Sample Space |
14:54 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Basic Definitions |
0:29 | |
| | |
| Experiment |
0:35 | |
| | |
| Outcomes |
0:55 | |
| | |
| Sample Space |
1:04 | |
| | |
Examples |
1:34 | |
| | |
| Roll a Die |
1:39 | |
| | |
| Flip a Coin |
2:33 | |
| | |
Simple and Compound Events |
3:30 | |
| | |
| Event |
3:43 | |
| | |
| Simple Event |
3:58 | |
| | |
| Compound Event |
4:27 | |
| | |
Example |
5:14 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
0:59 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
4:21 | |
| |
Calculating Probability |
14:13 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
What is Probability |
0:27 | |
| | |
| Range |
0:53 | |
| | |
| Sum of Probabilities |
1:26 | |
| | |
| Example: Football Game |
2:05 | |
| | |
Classical Probability |
2:53 | |
| | |
| Equally Likely Outcomes |
3:05 | |
| | |
| Example: Coin Flip |
4:08 | |
| | |
| Example: Die Roll |
5:12 | |
| | |
Relative Frequency |
6:44 | |
| | |
| Example |
7:22 | |
| | |
Subjective Probability |
9:38 | |
| | |
| Example |
10:06 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
1:04 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
1:33 | |
| |
Probability and Events |
22:08 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Mutually Exclusive Events |
0:17 | |
| | |
| Example: Coin Flip |
0:27 | |
| | |
| Example: Die Roll |
3:03 | |
| | |
Independent Events |
5:13 | |
| | |
| Notation |
3:31 | |
| | |
| Example: Coin |
6:01 | |
| | |
Independent Events, cont. |
9:19 | |
| | |
| Example: Coffee Drinkers |
9:23 | |
| | |
Mutually Exclusive vs Independent |
13:03 | |
| | |
Complementary Events |
14:08 | |
| | |
| Example: Coffee Drinkers |
15:37 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
1:16 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
3:32 | |
| |
Intersection of Events and the Multiplication Rule |
19:58 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Intersection of Events |
0:08 | |
| | |
| Venn Diagram |
1:20 | |
| | |
Multiplication Rule |
2:22 | |
| | |
| Joint Probability |
2:23 | |
| | |
| Example |
3:23 | |
| | |
Example |
6:30 | |
| | |
Multiplication Rule for Independent Events |
10:30 | |
| | |
| Example |
11:39 | |
| | |
Joint Probability of Mutually Exclusive Events |
15:24 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
1:24 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
2:09 | |
| |
Union of Events and the Addition Rule |
18:28 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Union of Events |
0:06 | |
| | |
| Venn Diagram |
0:52 | |
| | |
Addition Rule |
2:01 | |
| | |
| Example: Coffee Drinkers |
3:25 | |
| | |
Example |
6:26 | |
| | |
Addition Rule for Mutually Exclusive Events |
9:11 | |
| | |
Example |
10:27 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
2:41 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
1:15 | |
| |
Bayes' Rule |
16:59 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Partition of Events |
0:07 | |
| | |
| Venn Diagram |
0:17 | |
| | |
Law of Total Probability |
3:12 | |
| | |
Bayes' Rule |
6:11 | |
| | |
Example |
9:09 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
4:07 | |
| V. Discrete Random Variables and Probability Distribution |
| |
Random Variables |
7:52 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Definition |
0:06 | |
| | |
| Example |
0:24 | |
| | |
Discrete Random Variables |
1:22 | |
| | |
| Example |
1:56 | |
| | |
Continuous Random Variable |
3:53 | |
| | |
| Example |
4:12 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
1:51 | |
| |
Probability Distribution of a Discrete Random Variable |
15:55 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Definition |
0:09 | |
| | |
| Example |
0:24 | |
| | |
Rules of a Probability Distribution |
3:27 | |
| | |
| Rule 1 |
3:33 | |
| | |
| Rule 2 |
4:30 | |
| | |
| Example 1 |
4:59 | |
| | |
| Example 2 |
6:00 | |
| | |
| Example 3 |
6:38 | |
| | |
Example: Defective DVDs |
7:19 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
1:56 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
1:28 | |
| |
Mean and Standard Deviation of a Discrete Random Variable |
17:37 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Mean of a Discrete Random Variable |
0:10 | |
| | |
| Example |
1:17 | |
| | |
Example: Numbers Game |
3:09 | |
| | |
Standard Deviation of a Discrete Random Variable |
6:02 | |
| | |
| Example |
7:46 | |
| | |
Example: Cars in a Town |
10:12 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
2:24 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
2:22 | |
| |
Factorials, Combinations, Permutations |
15:43 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Counting Rule |
0:08 | |
| | |
| Example: Coin Toss |
0:56 | |
| | |
| Example: Football Team |
1:45 | |
| | |
Factorials |
2:54 | |
| | |
| Example |
3:39 | |
| | |
| Zero Factorial |
4:03 | |
| | |
| Example |
4:20 | |
| | |
Combinations |
5:16 | |
| | |
| Example |
6:23 | |
| | |
Permutations |
8:16 | |
| | |
| Example |
9:01 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
2:58 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
2:20 | |
| |
Binomial Probability Distribution |
21:38 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Binomial Experiment |
0:07 | |
| | |
| Discrete Random Variable |
0:34 | |
| | |
| Trial |
1:01 | |
| | |
| Bernoulli Trials |
1:26 | |
| | |
Example: Roll Die |
2:37 | |
| | |
Binomial Probability Distribution |
4:36 | |
| | |
Example: Winter Holiday Stress |
6:58 | |
| | |
Example: MRI |
9:51 | |
| | |
Probability of Success and Shape |
12:42 | |
| | |
| Symmetric |
12:54 | |
| | |
| Skewed Right |
13:23 | |
| | |
| Skewed Left |
14:13 | |
| | |
Mean/Standard Deviation of Binomial Distribution |
15:03 | |
| | |
| Example: Stress |
16:06 | |
| | |
| Example: MRI |
17:07 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
1:47 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
1:49 | |
| |
Poisson Probability Distribution |
13:40 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Poisson Probability Distribution |
0:06 | |
| | |
| Conditions |
0:43 | |
| | |
Example: Complaints |
3:18 | |
| | |
Example: Failed Businesses |
5:01 | |
| | |
Mean/Standard Deviation of Poisson Distribution |
7:52 | |
| | |
| Example: Complaints |
8:53 | |
| | |
| Example: Failed Businesses |
9:46 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
1:19 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
1:48 | |
| |
Geometric and Hypergeometric Probability Distributions |
19:08 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Geometric Probability Distribution |
0:08 | |
| | |
Example: Engine Malfunction |
3:00 | |
| | |
Example: Interviews |
5:45 | |
| | |
Hypergeometric Probability Distribution |
7:36 | |
| | |
Example: Engineers |
10:16 | |
| | |
Example: Marbles |
12:55 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
1:14 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
2:00 | |
| |
Combining Independent Random Variables |
20:26 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Independence vs Dependence |
0:09 | |
| | |
Mean of Sums for Independent Random Variables |
2:32 | |
| | |
Example |
4:02 | |
| | |
Example |
5:58 | |
| | |
Variance for Sums of Independent Random Variables |
8:49 | |
| | |
Example |
10:30 | |
| | |
Example |
12:26 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
3:04 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
1:59 | |
| VI. Continuous Random Variables and the Normal Distribution |
| |
Continuous Probability Distribution |
6:19 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Continuous Random Variable |
0:07 | |
| | |
Probability Density Function |
0:54 | |
| | |
More About Densities |
3:07 | |
| | |
More About Densities, cont. |
4:06 | |
| |
Normal Distribution |
6:42 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Normal Distribution |
0:05 | |
| | |
| Bell Shaped Curve |
0:09 | |
| | |
Properties of the Normal Distribution |
1:02 | |
| | |
| Area Under the Curve (Density Curve) |
1:07 | |
| | |
Symmetric About the Mean |
1:40 | |
| | |
Two Tails |
2:21 | |
| | |
Normal Distribution |
3:07 | |
| | |
| Different Means |
3:10 | |
| | |
Different Standard Deviations |
4:32 | |
| |
Standard Normal Distribution |
13:25 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Standard Normal Distribution |
0:06 | |
| | |
| Z-Scores |
1:08 | |
| | |
Examples |
1:57 | |
| | |
More Examples |
4:43 | |
| | |
More Examples |
7:12 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
1:51 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
1:33 | |
| |
Standardizing a Normal Distribution |
12:22 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Standardizing a Normal Distribution |
0:07 | |
| | |
| Mean and Standard Deviation of X |
1:13 | |
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Examples |
1:39 | |
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More Examples |
3:22 | |
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More Examples |
6:17 | |
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Extra Example 1 |
1:55 | |
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Extra Example 2 |
1:12 | |
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Applications of the Normal Distribution |
12:20 |
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Intro |
0:00 | |
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Standardizing a Normal Distribution |
0:08 | |
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Example: US Debt |
0:59 | |
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Example: Toy Assembly |
3:19 | |
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Example: Soda |
5:04 | |
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Example: Calculator |
7:27 | |
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Extra Example 1 |
1:31 | |
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Extra Example 2 |
1:45 | |
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Finding Values When the Probability is Known |
12:44 |
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Intro |
0:00 | |
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Example 1 |
0:10 | |
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Example 2 |
1:32 | |
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Example 3 |
3:12 | |
| | |
Example 4: Battery Life |
4:18 | |
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Example 5: SAT Scores |
6:33 | |
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Extra Example 1 |
1:24 | |
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Extra Example 2 |
2:21 | |
| VII. Sampling Distributions |
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Population and Sampling Distributions |
12:02 |
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Intro |
0:00 | |
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Population Distribution |
0:06 | |
| | |
| Example: Teaching Experience |
0:14 | |
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Sampling Distribution |
1:31 | |
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Example: Teaching Experience |
2:16 | |
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Sampling Error |
5:29 | |
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| Random and No Non-Sampling Error |
6:00 | |
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| Example |
6:10 | |
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Non-Sampling Error |
7:22 | |
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| Example |
7:38 | |
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Example: Six Numbers |
9:17 | |
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Mean, Standard Deviation, and the Shape of the Sampling Distribution of the Sampling Mean |
4:57 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Mean/Standard Deviation of Sample Mean |
0:10 | |
| | |
| Estimator |
0:57 | |
| | |
| Unbiased Estimator |
1:15 | |
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Sampling Distribution of Sample Mean |
1:50 | |
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| Spread |
1:53 | |
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| Standard Deviation |
2:18 | |
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| Consistent Estimator |
2:40 | |
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Shape of Sampling Distribution |
2:51 | |
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| Normal |
3:21 | |
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Shape of Sampling Distribution, cont. |
3:50 | |
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| Central Limit Theorem |
4:15 | |
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Applications of the Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean |
14:50 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Example 1: Speed Limit |
0:08 | |
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Example 2: Speed Limit |
2:50 | |
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Example 3: Speed Limit |
4:20 | |
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Example 4: Study Times |
6:20 | |
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Example 5: Study Times |
9:02 | |
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Extra Example 1 |
2:14 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
2:12 | |
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Mean, Standard Deviation, and the Shape of the Sampling Distribution of the Sample Proportion |
3:58 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Population vs Sample Proportions |
0:10 | |
| | |
| Population Proportion |
0:16 | |
| | |
| Sample Proportion |
0:23 | |
| | |
| Sample: Eye Color |
0:36 | |
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Mean/Standard Deviation of Sample Proportion |
1:47 | |
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| Mean |
1:51 | |
| | |
| Unbiased Estimator |
2:07 | |
| | |
| Standard Deviation |
2:28 | |
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Shape of the Distribution |
3:07 | |
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Applications of the Sampling Distribution of the Sample Proportion |
10:45 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Example 1: Retirement Plan |
0:07 | |
| | |
Example 2: Retirement Plan |
3:04 | |
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Example 3: Voters |
4:35 | |
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Extra Example 1 |
2:27 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
1:40 | |
| VIII. Estimation of the Mean and Proportion |
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Introduction to Estimation |
12:52 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Estimation |
0:06 | |
| | |
| Parameter |
0:29 | |
| | |
| Estimate |
1:02 | |
| | |
| Estimator |
1:10 | |
| | |
| Example |
1:20 | |
| | |
Steps for Estimation |
2:21 | |
| | |
| Example: Dartboard |
3:08 | |
| | |
| Consistent/Bias |
3:41 | |
| | |
| Inconsistent/Unbiased |
4:09 | |
| | |
| Consistent/Unbiased |
4:44 | |
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Point Estimate |
5:33 | |
| | |
| Example |
5:50 | |
| | |
Interval Estimate |
6:35 | |
| | |
| Margin of Error |
7:15 | |
| | |
Confidence Interval |
7:35 | |
| | |
| Confidence Level |
7:55 | |
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Example |
8:10 | |
| | |
More on Confidence Intervals |
10:18 | |
| | |
| Confidence Level Increase |
11:41 | |
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| Sample Size Increase |
12:25 | |
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Estimation of a Population Mean: Standard Deviation Known |
17:03 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Population is Normal, n<30 |
0:10 | |
| | |
| Confidence Interval |
0:28 | |
| | |
Example 1 |
2:34 | |
| | |
Example 2 |
5:54 | |
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When n>30, Any Distribution |
7:58 | |
| | |
| Confidence Interval |
8:48 | |
| | |
Example 3 |
9:14 | |
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Example 4 |
11:16 | |
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Extra Example 1 |
2:24 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
1:34 | |
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Sample Size for Estimation of a Population Mean |
10:39 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Determining Sample Size |
0:07 | |
| | |
| Finding n |
0:30 | |
| | |
| Origin of Equation |
0:56 | |
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Example 1 |
2:16 | |
| | |
Example 2 |
4:42 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
2:13 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
1:43 | |
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Estimation of Population Mean: Sigma Not Known |
19:25 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
t-Distribution |
0:10 | |
| | |
Examples: t-Distribution |
0:38 | |
| | |
Using the t-Distribution |
4:25 | |
| | |
| Confidence Interval |
5:03 | |
| | |
Example 1: Waiting Time |
5:54 | |
| | |
Example 2: MPG |
9:35 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
3:23 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
2:54 | |
| |
Estimation of Population Proportion: Large Sample |
17:26 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Population vs Sample Proportion |
0:10 | |
| | |
Confidence Intervals for p |
1:50 | |
| | |
Example 1: Credit |
2:18 | |
| | |
Example 2: Time |
4:59 | |
| | |
Sample Size for the Estimation of p |
7:31 | |
| | |
| Margin of Error |
7:55 | |
| | |
| Conservative Estimate |
8:17 | |
| | |
Example 3: Gambling |
8:40 | |
| | |
Example 4: Clocks |
10:53 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
2:32 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
1:50 | |
| |
Large Sample Confidence Intervals for Difference in Population Proportion |
16:16 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Sampling Distribution for Difference in Sample Proportion |
0:08 | |
| | |
| Large and Independent Samples |
0:11 | |
| | |
| Confidence Intervals for p1-p2 |
1:28 | |
| | |
Example 1: Toothpaste |
2:04 | |
| | |
Example 2: Seat Belts |
6:20 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
3:32 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
2:50 | |
| |
Confidence Intervals for a Difference in Means |
27:58 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Independent Samples: Standard Deviations Known |
0:07 | |
| | |
Confidence Interval for Difference of Means |
1:12 | |
| | |
Example 1: Starting Salary |
1:35 | |
| | |
Example 2: Fill |
5:36 | |
| | |
Independent Samples: Standard Deviations Not Known |
7:54 | |
| | |
Pooled Standard Deviation for Two Samples |
8:46 | |
| | |
Confidence Interval for Difference of Means |
9:32 | |
| | |
Example 3: Caffeine |
10:35 | |
| | |
Example 4: Test Scores |
15:20 | |
| | |
Inference about Difference of Means for Paired Samples |
19:05 | |
| | |
| Paired or Matched Sample |
19:21 | |
| | |
Inference about Difference of Means for Paired Samples |
20:58 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
3:40 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
2:03 | |
| |
Confidence Intervals for the Slope of a Least Squares Regression Line |
18:47 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Sampling Distribution of b |
0:08 | |
| | |
Calculating the Estimator of Standard Deviation of b |
1:03 | |
| | |
Confidence Interval for Beta |
1:31 | |
| | |
Example 1: Age and Price |
2:24 | |
| | |
Example 2: Weld Diameter |
6:41 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
4:27 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
3:37 | |
| IX. Tests of Significance |
| |
Introduction: Hypothesis Tests |
14:09 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Two Hypotheses |
0:13 | |
| | |
| Null Hypothesis |
0:21 | |
| | |
| Alternative Hypothesis |
0:36 | |
| | |
| Example |
1:05 | |
| | |
Example: Two Hypotheses |
1:43 | |
| | |
Rejection and Non-Rejection Regions |
3:25 | |
| | |
Type 1 and Type 2 Errors |
5:30 | |
| | |
| Type 1 Error |
6:44 | |
| | |
| Significance Level |
7:08 | |
| | |
| Type 2 Error |
7:42 | |
| | |
| Power of the Test |
8:30 | |
| | |
Tails of the Test |
9:29 | |
| |
Large Sample Test for a Proportion |
14:30 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Test Statistic Z |
0:08 | |
| | |
| Why Z? |
0:29 | |
| | |
Example 1: TV Violence |
1:10 | |
| | |
Example 2: Smoking |
5:16 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
3:25 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
2:52 | |
| |
Large Sample Test for a Difference in Two Proportions |
19:14 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Pooled Estimate of P1 and P2 |
0:09 | |
| | |
Example 1: Softball Bases |
1:34 | |
| | |
Example 2: Sleep Problems |
6:59 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
4:11 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
4:12 | |
| |
Test for a Mean |
14:57 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Standard Deviation is Known |
0:07 | |
| | |
| Central Limit Theory for n>30 |
0:32 | |
| | |
Example 1: Cheese Weight |
0:53 | |
| | |
Example 2: Observations |
3:53 | |
| | |
Standard Deviation Not Known |
6:15 | |
| | |
| t-Distribution Usage |
6:24 | |
| | |
| Degrees of Freedom |
6:53 | |
| | |
Example 3: Height |
7:01 | |
| | |
Example 4: Sampling |
9:50 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
2:02 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
1:32 | |
| |
Test for a Difference Between Two Means |
23:13 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Standard Deviation Known, Unpaired |
0:08 | |
| | |
Example 1: Boredom |
1:17 | |
| | |
Example 2: Smoking |
4:15 | |
| | |
Population Standard Deviations Unknown, But Equal |
7:10 | |
| | |
| Pooled Standard Deviation for Two Samples |
7:49 | |
| | |
Example 3: Diet Soda |
8:28 | |
| | |
Example 4: TV |
12:12 | |
| | |
Paired Samples |
15:50 | |
| | |
Example 5: Hormone Level |
16:33 | |
| | |
Example 6: Hypnotism |
19:43 | |
| |
Chi-Square Tests: One Way and Two Way |
24:33 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Goodness of Fit Test |
0:07 | |
| | |
| Right-Tailed Test |
0:52 | |
| | |
Example 1: Die Rolls |
1:16 | |
| | |
Example 2: Stolen Vehicles |
3:31 | |
| | |
Test of Independence |
7:02 | |
| | |
Example 3: Debt |
7:51 | |
| | |
Example 4: Contraceptive Use |
13:14 | |
| | |
Test of Homogeneity |
16:31 | |
| | |
Example 5: New Product |
17:09 | |
| | |
Example 6: Oil |
21:24 | |
| |
Hypothesis Testing for the Slope of a Least Squares Regression Line |
17:48 |
| | |
Intro |
0:00 | |
| | |
Sampling Distribution of b |
0:08 | |
| | |
Calculating the Estimator of Standard Deviation of b |
1:18 | |
| | |
Hypothesis Testing for Beta |
1:50 | |
| | |
Example 1: Age |
2:25 | |
| | |
Example 2: Weld Diameter |
6:42 | |
| | |
Extra Example 1 |
3:30 | |
| | |
Extra Example 2 |
3:10 | |