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Jibin Park

Amendments XX-XXVII

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Table of Contents

Section 1: US Constitution
Foundations of the American Republic

46m 32s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Overview
0:11
Preamble of the United States Constitution
1:38
We the People…
1:49
Examining This
2:23
Purposes of Government
4:20
Early Draft of the Preamble
4:24
Creation of a Federalist System of Government
4:38
Establish Justice
5:20
Common Defense
5:30
General Welfare
5:44
Secure the Blessings of Liberty
6:11
Forms of Government
6:34
Anarchy
6:44
Autocracy
7:04
Absolute Monarchy
7:20
Constitutional Monarchy
7:43
Dictatorship
8:28
Oligarchy
8:50
Aristocracy
9:02
Theocracy
9:09
Democracy
9:18
Direct Democracy
9:38
Representative Democracy
11:02
British Influence
11:52
Magna Carta
11:59
Parliament
13:32
Enlightenment Philosophers
15:47
John Locke
15:52
Baron de Montesquieu
17:13
Articles of Confederation
17:53
Written by the Second Continental Congress
18:01
Lasted from 1781-1789
18:07
Weak National Government
18:41
Each State is Equal with One Vote
19:25
9 of 13 States to Pass Law
19:36
Amending the Articles
19:51
Weakness of the Articles
20:16
Congress Could Not Tax
20:21
Can't Regulate Interstate Trade or Foreign Commerce
20:44
No Executive or Judicial Branch
20:58
No Authority to Coin Money
21:23
Population of State Not Taken Into Account
21:31
9 of 13 to Pass Law
22:07
Unanimous Consent to Amend Articles
22:12
Virginia Plan (Large State)
22:57
Bicameral Legislature
23:10
Representation Based on Population
23:57
Single Executive
24:34
Judges Chosen by Legislative Branch
25:25
New Jersey Plan (Small State)
25:40
Unicameral Legislature
26:03
Representation Equal Among States
26:30
Plural Executive
26:38
Judges Appointed for Life
27:16
Connecticut Compromise (Great Compromise)
27:35
Bicameral Legislature
28:30
House Elected by the People; Senate Appointed by State
28:52
One Executive
29:25
Supreme Court Appointed to Life Term
32:41
The Big Elephant in the Room
33:17
Issue of Slavery
33:30
Southern vs. Northern States
34:20
Three-Fifths Compromise
35:05
Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise
35:53
Ratification of the Constitution
36:12
Signing the Constitution
36:31
Ratify it Before Going Into Effect
36:49
Federalists Favored Ratification
37:40
Anti-federalists Opposed the Constitution
38:32
The Federalist Papers
39:31
Defended the New Government
39:35
Published Under 'Publius'
39:42
Lack of a Bill of Rights
39:59
Federalists Supported a Bill of Rights
40:59
Example 1
42:26
Example 2
45:16
The Constitution

45m 10s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Overview
0:21
Limited Government
1:48
Belief That Government is Not All-Powerful
1:50
Enumerated Powers Given to the Federal Government
2:08
Bill of Rights Added to Ensure That National Government
2:37
Popular Sovereignty
3:37
Doctrine Rooted in the Belief That Every Human Being is Sovereign
3:43
Not a Coincidence That the Legislative Branch is the First Branch of the Government
3:49
Declaration of Independence
3:56
'We, the People' in the Preamble Included Everyone
5:02
No Mention of Women in the Constitution
5:26
Citizens of Each State
5:53
What Was Permitted Was Not Necessarily Promoted
6:20
Wyoming Extended the Vote to Women
6:36
Separation of Powers
7:19
Three Branches: Legislative, Executive, Judiciary
7:28
If Men Were Angels Government Would Not Be Necessary
8:00
Influence of Adam Smith and The Wealth of Nations
8:47
Founding Fathers Did Not Want Power Vested in One Person or Group of People
9:35
Each Branch Has Exerted More Influence Over Different Periods of Time
10:03
Checks and Balances - Congress on President
10:29
Each Branch Can Check the Powers of the Others
11:04
Congress Can Override a President's Veto
11:20
Congress Can Impeach the President
12:08
Congress Can Refuse to Approve Presidential Appointment
13:48
Congress Can Refuse to Ratify Treaties
14:29
Congress Can Mount an Investigation
14:59
Checks and Balances - Congress on Judiciary
15:16
Congress Can Change the Number and Jurisdiction of the Lower Court
15:25
Congress Can Use the Impeachment Powers to Remove a Judge From Office
15:45
Congress Can Refuse to Approve a Person Nominated to be a Judge
15:56
Checks and Balances - President and Judiciary
16:31
President Provides These Checks
16:40
Judiciary Has These Checks on Other Branches
20:13
Federalism
20:56
Government Authority Shared by National and State Governments
21:07
Concept of 'Dual Federalism'
22:48
United States v. Lopez 1995
23:48
Formal Amendment Process
26:19
2/3 Vote Through Congress and Ratified by 3/4 of State Legislatures
27:21
2/3 Vote Through Congress and Ratified by Special Conventions in 3/4 of the States
27:58
National Convention 2/3 Vote and Ratified by 3/4 of State Legislatures
28:53
National Convention 2/3 Vote and Ratified by 3/4 of States
29:23
Informal Amendment Process
30:18
Legislative Actions
30:25
Executive Actions
30:47
Judicial Interpretation
31:17
Custom and Usage
31:29
Election of 1800
33:04
Political Parties
33:19
Aaron Burr and Thomas Jefferson
34:21
12th Amendment Added
35:00
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
35:22
Adams and his Congress Created Several New Judicial Positions
35:27
'Midnight Appointments' Were Set for the Secretary of State to Deliver
36:01
Marshall Ruled the Portion of the Judiciary Act of 1791 as Unconstitutional
36:50
Marshall Established Judicial Review
37:55
Example 1
38:20
Example 2
40:18
Example 3
42:31
The Bill of Rights, Part I

59m 54s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Overview
0:13
First Amendment - Freedom of Religion
2:22
First Amendment
3:19
Establishment Clause
4:05
Free Exercise Clause
6:26
The Establishment Clause
8:04
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
8:46
Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)
12:18
Lee v. Weisman (1992) and Santa Fe School District v. Doe (2002)
14:30
The Free Exercise Clause
16:03
Reynolds v. United States (1879)
16:45
Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)
18:19
Oregon v. Smith (1990)
19:57
Government Cannot Unfairly Target Certain Religions
21:31
Freedom of Speech
22:11
Alien and Sedition Acts
22:40
Schenck v. United States (1919)
23:35
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
25:06
Miller v. California (1973)
25:59
Texas v. Johnson (1989)
27:50
Freedom of Press
29:14
Near v. Minnesota (1931)
29:52
New York Times v. Sullivan (1964)
30:50
New York Times v. United States
31:53
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988)
32:32
Freedom of Assembly and petition
34:05
Peacefully Assemble and Petition the Government for a Redress of Grievances
34:20
Dejon v. Oregon (1937)
34:32
Certain Restrictions are Allowed for Facilities
35:09
Police May Disperse Demonstrations
35:21
Second Amendment
35:41
As Passed by Congress
35:53
As Ratified by the States
36:54
District of Columbia v. Heller (2008)
37:37
Review the Five Freedoms Listed in the Bill of Rights
38:37
Third Amendment
39:11
Third Amendment
39:14
Passed In Response to the 1765 Passage of the Quartering Acts
39:48
Least Cited Bill of Rights
40:08
Agree for the Implicit Right to Privacy
40:19
Fourth Amendment
40:55
Fourth Amendment
40:58
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
41:34
Probable Cause
43:19
Fifth Amendment
45:26
Fifth Amendment
45:49
Right to a Grand Jury
47:20
Right Against Double Jeopardy
48:08
Right Against Self-Incrimination
49:55
Due Process Clause Applies to Deferral Government
52:00
Example 1
52:19
Example 2
54:15
Example 3
55:01
Example 4
56:40
The Bill of Rights, Part II

34m 19s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Overview
0:18
Sixth Amendment - Public and Speedy Trial
2:17
Sixth Amendment
2:24
Barker v. Wingo (1972)
3:21
Sheppard v. Maxwell (1966)
4:24
Powell v. Alabama (1932)
5:03
Seventh Amendment
5:30
Seventh Amendment
5:35
Civil cases Are Not Heard in Federal Courts
6:05
Never Incorporated and Applied to States
6:15
Mystery Surrounding the 'Twenty Dollar' Clause
7:22
Eighth Amendment
7:56
Eighth Amendment
7:59
Inspired by Titus Oates Case
9:10
Furman v. Georgia (1972)
10:41
Miller v. Alabama (2012)
11:51
Ninth Amendment
13:01
Ninth Amendment
13:06
Roe v. Wade (1973)
13:34
Rights in the First Eight Amendments is Not an All-Encompassing List of Rights
14:34
Set of Rights Yet to be Discovered That No Constitution Can Specifically List
14:40
Tenth Amendment
15:21
Tenth Amendment
15:29
Commerce Clause Used to Justify the Use of Federal Government
16:13
United States v. Lopez
16:30
Example 1
19:16
Example 2
20:34
Example 3
23:08
Example 4
26:06
Amendments XI - XIX

38m 7s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Overview
0:15
Amendment XI
1:40
Amendment Eleven
2:01
Individual from One State are Prohibited from Suing Another State
2:25
States Are Not Immune from Lawsuits Brought by its Own Citizens
2:41
Amendment XII
3:05
Amendment Twelve
3:38
Thomas Jefferson vs. Aaron Burr
6:11
Amendment XIII
8:51
Amendment Thirteen
9:05
Include Peonage, Involuntary Servitude and Forced Labor
10:05
Amendment XIV
11:05
Amendment Fourteen
11:21
Four Clauses of Amendment Fourteen
12:28
Amendment XV
15:50
Amendment Fifteen
15:54
Right to Vote Interrupted by the Supreme Court
16:35
Blacks Faced Literacy Tests and Poll Taxes
17:13
Ku Klux Klan
18:44
Supreme Court Decisions and Passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965
18:57
Amendment XVI
19:39
Amendment Sixteen
19:41
Until 1913, Tariffs and Excise Taxes Were the Primary Source of Federal Government Revenue
20:41
Direct Income Tax Permitted by the Constitution
21:21
Wesley Snipes
22:21
Amendment XVII
23:00
Amendment Seventeen
23:02
State Legislatures have the Power to Grant the Governor the Right to Appoint Senators
23:28
Governor Rod Blagojevich Attempted to Sell Obama's Vacated Seat in 2008
24:38
Amendment XVIII
26:00
Amendment Eighteen
26:04
Ban the Sale and Distribution of Alcohol
27:00
Organized Crime Increased
27:08
Amendment was Repealed Through the 21st Amendment
27:49
Drinking Age: 21
28:04
Amendment XIX
28:38
Amendment Nineteen
28:40
Prohibited the Government From Denying Women the Right to Vote
29:04
Votes Granted in Wyoming, Utah, and Washington
29:39
Argument That the 14th and 15th Amendment Had Already Granted Women Suffrage was Rejected
30:25
Example 1
31:50
Example 2
32:48
Example 3
33:25
Example 4
35:48
Amendments XX-XXVII

52m 17s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Overview
0:11
Amendment XX
1:22
Amendment Twenty
1:51
Shortened the 'Lame Duck' Status of Both the President and Congress
3:04
In Earlier Times, a Long Period of Time Was Necessary for the Long Trek to Washington, DC
3:09
Amendment XXII
7:15
Amendment Twenty-Two
7:25
George Washington Set a Precedent for Two Terms
10:02
Few Presidents Sought a Third Term
11:34
Lyndon Johnson
13:41
President Bill Clinton
14:55
Amendment XXIII
16:55
Amendment Twenty-Three
17:01
Residents of Washington, D.C. Has Right to Vote in Presidential Elections
17:44
Electors Give Votes to Democratic Candidate
18:33
Nonpartisan Issue
18:56
1984: Ronald Reagan Won in a Landslide Election
20:06
Michael Jordan Amendment
22:32
Amendment XXIV
23:40
Amendment Twenty-Four
23:52
One of the Surviving Ways to Disenfranchise Black Voters
24:18
President Kennedy Wanted an Amendment as the Best Way to Avoid a Filibuster
24:46
Amendment XXV
25:52
Amendment Twenty-Five
26:01
Amendment Made it Unambiguous That the VP Became President
28:38
Amendment XXV
29:32
Tyler Precedent
29:33
Woodrow and Edith Wilson
30:08
Presidents Who Take Over Because of a Previous President's Death
31:23
Truman
31:51
Gerald Ford
32:17
Use of Section 4
33:01
Amendment XXVI
34:28
Amendment Twenty-Six
34:39
Vietnam War
34:54
Old Enough to Fight and Die, Old Enough to Vote
35:04
Some States Already Permitted Ages 18-21 to Vote
35:27
Struck Down as Unconstitutional
35:38
Amendment XXVII
36:38
Amendment Twenty-Seven
37:08
Gregory Watson
38:41
Thesis Seen as Too Unrealistic
40:04
Automatic Cost-of-Living Adjustment
40:45
Example 1
41:13
Example 2
42:27
Example 3
44:59
Example 4
46:20
Example 5
48:40
Section 2: Political Participation
Political Culture

35m 57s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Overview
0:08
What is Political Culture?
1:05
Set of Basic Values and Beliefs About a Country or Government
1:09
In the United States
1:30
Our Political Culture Provides the Backdrop for our System of Government
2:00
America Democratic Values
2:30
Majority Rule / Minority Rights
3:05
Equality
4:33
Private Property
6:20
Individual Freedoms
7:36
Compromise
8:53
Limited Government
11:10
Political Socialization
12:04
Process by Which Citizens Acquire a Sense of Political Identity
12:09
Family Influence
12:20
Schools Teach Patriotism
14:18
Demographic Factors
14:53
Mass Media
15:06
Measuring Public Opinion
15:55
Early Polling Data in the U.S. had Self-Selecting Biases
16:01
Straw Polls
16:22
Used Car Registrations and telephone Directories to Reach People
16:58
Modern Polling
17:44
Elements of a Successful Poll
18:09
Sampling
18:31
Prepare Clear and Valid Questions
19:23
Control How the Poll is Taken
21:48
Analyzing and Reporting Results
22:51
1948 Election
23:10
2008 and 2012 Election Predictions
25:07
Nate Silver's FiveThirtyEight.com Blog
25:26
2008: Silver Correctly Predicted 49 of 50 States
26:27
2012: Silver Correctly Predicted All 50 States
26:59
Sabermetrician
27:27
Example 1
28:30
Example 2
29:54
Example 3
31:14
Example 4
32:37
Political Parties

39m 31s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Overview
0:10
What is a Political Party?
2:20
Voluntary Associations of People Who Seek to Control the Government
2:23
Political Parties Bring People and Government Together
3:47
Main Difference Between Interest Groups and Political Parties
4:34
Major Goal of a Political Party
5:02
Roles of Political Parties
5:51
Party in the Electorate
6:09
Party in Government
7:48
Party in Organization
9:14
Party Systems
10:50
One-Party System
11:06
Two-Party System
11:50
Multi-Party System
12:54
What Do Political Parties Actually Do?
14:00
Recruit Candidates
14:21
Nominate and Support Candidates for Office
15:11
Educate the Electorate
15:17
Organize the Government
15:42
Party Identification and Membership
16:35
No Money is Required to Associate with a Particular Party
16:47
Choices: Republican, Democrat, Libertarian, or None
18:03
Factors Influencing Party Identification
18:15
Two-Party Tradition in America
22:14
Factions
22:19
George Washington Never Officially Aligned with One Political Party
22:40
Third Parties
26:13
Ideological Parties
26:28
Splinter Parties
26:48
Single Issue Parties
28:28
Protest Parties
28:50
Successful 3rd Party Candidates
29:28
Ross Perot
29:34
Received 19% of the National Vote
30:34
John Anderson Won 7% of the Popular Vote
31:39
Ralph Nader Won 3% of the Popular Vote
32:00
Ron Paul Won0.5% of the Popular Vote
32:17
Example 1
33:44
Example 2
34:29
Example 3
36:33
Example 4
38:23
Elections & Campaigns

57m 11s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Overview
0:09
Forms of Political Participation
1:36
Voting in Elections
2:31
Discussing Politics and Attending Political Meetings
2:39
Forming Interest Groups
2:53
Contacting Public Officials
3:28
Campaigning
4:59
Contributing Money
6:34
Running for Office
7:06
Protesting Government Decisions
7:58
Expansion of Suffrage
8:15
Suffrage is the Right to Vote
8:19
Voting Rights Act of 1965
10:11
Low Voter Turnout
12:09
Expansion of the Electorate (26th Amendment)
12:16
Mistrust of Government and Lack of Perceived Differences Between Candidates
14:02
Lack of Political Efficacy
15:10
Difficulty of Registration Process
15:28
Who Votes?
17:12
Education
17:32
Age
18:24
Gender
19:04
Religion
19:35
Marital Status
20:05
Union or Community Membership
20:17
Geography
20:35
Types of Elections
21:35
Primary Elections
21:41
Closed Primary
22:26
Open Primary
23:46
Blanket Primary
24:20
Top-Two Primary
24:42
Presidential Elections
27:16
Every Four Years
27:21
Not Uncommon for the Political Party of the President to Lose Seats
28:25
Road to the White House
29:44
Exploration
30:06
Announcement
32:53
Presidential Primaries and Caucus
33:38
Nominating Conventions
34:53
Running to the Center
39:49
Campaigning and the General Election
39:54
Choosing a VP Candidate
42:11
Balancing the Ticket
42:32
1960: John F. Kennedy Chose Lyndon Johnson
42:46
1992: Bill Clinton Chose Al Gore
43:24
2008: Obama Chose Joe Biden
43:51
2012: Romney Chose Paul Ryan
44:47
The Electoral College
46:21
Each State Has a Number of Electors Equal to its Senators and House Members
46:30
Total of 538 Electors Who Vote for the President
46:44
Faithless Electors
47:52
George Bush Won 271-266
48:00
Example 1
50:46
Example 2
51:51
Example 3
52:30
Example 4
53:26
Example 5
54:36
Example 6
55:29
Interest Groups & Mass Media

47m 58s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Overview
0:07
Functions of Interest Groups
1:37
Factions
1:48
Raise Awareness and Stimulate Interest in Public Affairs
3:09
Link Between Members and Government
4:27
Provide Information to the Government
4:55
Provide Channels for Political Participation
5:23
Economic Interest Groups
5:59
Labor Groups Protect the Interests of Organized Labor
6:18
Business Groups Promote Business Interest
6:43
Professional Groups Promote Interest of Their Particular Profession
7:15
Other Interest Groups
8:05
Interest Group Strategies
10:38
Influencing Elections
11:09
Lobbying
12:36
Litigation
13:11
Going Public
13:43
Political Action Committees
14:35
Federal Law Regulates PACS
14:45
Individuals Limited to Contributing $5k to PACS
15:04
PACS May Contribute $5k to One Candidate per election Cycle
15:34
PACS May Make Unlimited Expenditures
16:13
Citizens United vs. Federal Election Commission
16:51
Supreme Court Overturned Sections of the Campaign Reform Act of 2002
17:05
Citizens United Wanted to Air Hillary: The Movie
17:45
Lower Court Held That It Violated McCain-Feingold's Restriction TV Broadcasts
18:41
Supreme Court Agreed It's Unconstitutional to Ban Free Speech
19:12
Super PAC
20:06
Citizens United and Speechnow.org v. FEC
20:15
Independent-Expenditure Only Committees
20:43
Not Allowed to Coordinate Directly with Candidates or Political Parties
21:35
Restore Our Future vs. Winning Our Future
23:32
Mass Media
24:34
Communication That Transmit Information to the General Public
24:45
Only Linkage Mechanism That Specializes in Communication
24:53
Media Roles
26:14
Media as Gatekeepers
28:44
Media Dictates What Gets News Coverage
28:49
Horse Race Journalism
30:07
Requirement for Presidential Candidates to Appear on Saturday Night Live
31:45
Media and the President
35:01
Washington DC has the Largest Press Corps
35:08
Access to the President
35:50
Some Ways Officials Can Leak Information
36:37
Media Bias
38:22
Conservative Media Outlets
38:50
Liberal Media Outlets
39:12
CNN
40:37
CSPAN
41:07
Example 1
42:17
Example 2
44:10
Example 3
45:00
Example 4
45:49
Section 3: Institutions of National Government
Legislative Branch

54m 41s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Overview
0:14
Bicameral Legislature
1:33
House of Representatives
3:01
Senate
6:44
Organization of Congress
13:07
Two Houses Meet for Two Years
13:14
President May Call Special Sessions in Case of National Emergency
14:47
Apportionment
15:21
Reapportionment
15:28
Gerrymandering
16:16
Incumbency Effect
17:59
Tendency of Those Already Holding Office to Win Reelection
18:09
Name Recognition
21:38
Casework for Constituents
21:57
Franking Privilege
23:16
Other Incumbency Advantages
24:02
More Visible to Constituents
24:40
Fund-Raising Abilities
24:48
Experience in Campaigning
26:04
Voting Record
26:25
2012 House Election: Ed Royce vs. Jay Chen
27:10
Ed Royce Defeated Challenger Jay Chen
28:31
Republican Registration Advantage and Incumbency
33:38
House of Representatives Leadership
37:21
Speaker of the House is the Presiding Officer
37:26
Majority and Minority Leaders
38:28
Whips Helps Floor Leader by Directing Party Members in Voting
40:15
Senate Leadership
42:01
Vice President is the Presiding Officer of the Senate
42:09
President Pro Tempore
43:56
Senate Majority Leader and Minority Leader Act as a Spokesperson
44:43
Whips
45:24
No House Equivalent of Speaker As Individual Senators
45:37
Example 1
46:13
Example 2
47:09
Example 3
48:11
Example 4
51:01
Example 5
53:42
The Legislative Process

56m 36s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Overview
0:10
The Committee System
2:11
Committee Chairpersons
3:24
Standing Committee
5:00
Select Committee
6:52
Conference Committee
7:51
Exclusive Committees
8:51
House Committee on Appropriations
9:44
Rules Committee
10:23
Committee of Ways and Means
11:24
Delegate vs. Trustee
12:06
Congress as Delegate
12:55
Congress as Trustee
14:46
Example
17:19
Membership Privileges
18:18
Allowance for Office and Staff
18:45
Travel Allowance
19:27
Immunity from Arrest
19:37
Immunity from Libel or Slander Suits
21:17
Legislative Powers
22:54
Expressed Powers
23:07
Implied Powers
24:07
Non-Legislative Powers
28:16
House Selects President
28:18
Senate Chooses Vice President
28:51
Congress Can Propose Amendments
29:57
Impeachment Powers
30:17
Senate Approves Presidential Appointments
32:36
How a Bill Becomes a Law: House
33:27
Bill is Introduced, Numbered, and Assigned to a Committee
33:39
Bill is Returned to Committee
34:07
If Approved, the Rules Committee Sets Terms of Debate for the Bill
34:16
Bill is Debated by the House
34:23
Vote's Taken and Sent to Senate if Passed
34:30
How a Bill Becomes a Law: Senate
35:12
Bill is Introduced, Numbered, and Assigned to a Committee
35:16
Bill May be Assigned to a Subcommittee Before Returned to Committee
35:26
No Rules Committee Exists in Senate
35:38
If Approved
36:42
Both House Vote and Then the President Can Sign the Bill
37:31
Legislative Tactics
39:33
Filibuster Cloture
40:24
Pork Barrel Legislation
43:36
Logrolling and Riders
44:25
Example 1
46:19
Example 2
46:49
Example 3
48:50
Example 4
50:17
Example 5
51:39
The American Presidency

59m 7s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Overview
0:11
Constitutional Origins of the Presidency
0:56
Montesquieu and Locke
1:00
Debate Over Single vs. Plural Executive
2:03
Requirements
2:47
Informal Requirements of the Presidency
5:55
Political or Military Experience
6:07
Married
13:28
White Male
14:12
Protestant
15:27
Term and Succession
17:19
Four-Year Term
17:21
The Death or Incapacitation of the President
20:34
25th Amendment
23:02
Impeachment and Removal
24:18
Reasons for Impeachment
24:25
House Impeaches, Senate Convicts
25:28
Executive Powers
26:14
Enforces Laws, Treaties, and Court Decisions
26:20
Issues Executive Orders to Carry Out Policies
26:28
Appoints and Removes Officials
27:36
Assumes Emergency Powers
30:31
Presides Over the Cabinet and Executive Branch
30:52
Legislative Powers
31:02
Annual State of the Union Message
31:06
Annual Budget Reports
31:41
Signs or Vetoes Bills
31:46
Proposes legislation and Uses the Power of the Bully Pulpit
32:16
Special Session of Congress
32:48
Diplomatic and Military Powers
34:06
Appoints Ambassadors
34:10
Negotiates Treaties
34:51
Accords Diplomatic Recognition to Foreign Gov
35:14
Receives Foreign Dignitaries
35:30
Commander-in-Chief
35:34
Final Decision-Making Authority
36:00
Judicial and Party Powers
36:38
Appoints Members of the Federal Judiciary
36:42
Grants Reprieves, Pardons, and Amnesty
37:28
Recognized Leader of the Party
40:08
Chooses Vice Presidential Nominee
40:52
Helps Members Get Elected
41:04
Appoints Party Members to Government Positions
42:46
Limitations on Presidential Powers
43:12
Overriding Presidential Vetoes
43:31
Power of the Purse
43:37
Power of Impeachment
44:31
Approval Powers Over Appointments
44:36
War Powers Act
44:44
President Lack the Ability to Utilize the Line-Item Veto
46:41
Example 1
47:59
Example 2
49:18
Example 3
49:45
Example 4
51:39
Example 5
55:27
The Presidency & the Bureaucracy

43m 51s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Overview
0:07
The Bureaucracy
0:52
Cabinet Departments
2:06
Independent Executive Agency
3:56
Independent Regulatory Agency
4:17
Government Corporations
5:20
Characteristics of the American Bureaucracy
6:11
Political Authority
6:16
Main Source of Bureaucratic Power
7:31
Influences on Federal Bureaucracy
9:18
Executive Influences
9:49
Congressional Influences
10:31
Iron Triangles
11:44
The Executive Office of the President (EOP)
16:12
White House Office
18:19
National Security Council
19:15
Office of Management and Budget
20:04
Key Cabinet Departments
21:22
State
21:46
Treasury
23:48
Defense
26:44
Other Executive Departments
29:12
Interior
29:16
Justice
29:24
15 Other Departments
29:33
Problems with Bureaucracy
34:01
Red Tape
34:10
Easier to Block Action Than to Take Action
34:51
Bureaucrats are Difficult to Fire
35:20
Example 1
36:32
Example 2
37:18
Example 3
38:52
Example 4
40:13
Example 5
42:31
The National Judiciary

45m 30s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Overview
0:07
The Federal Court System
1:08
Original Jurisdiction
2:25
Appellate Jurisdiction
2:59
Concurrent Jurisdiction
3:28
Structure of the Judicial System
3:51
District Courts
4:20
Courts of Appeal
5:10
Supreme Court
6:15
Judicial Selection
6:59
No Formal Qualifications
7:02
Life Term
8:32
Removed Through Impeachment and Conviction
8:47
President Consults Senators Prior to Making District Court Appointments
9:07
Supreme Court
11:31
Party Affiliation
14:48
Race, Gender, Religion, Region
16:33
Judicial Experience
17:24
Graduated from 'Big-Name' School
18:30
Current Supreme Court Justices
19:23
Chief Justice John Roberts
19:41
Antonin Scalia
21:43
Anthony Kennedy
21:50
Clarence Thomas
22:27
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
22:32
Stephen Breyer
22:44
Samuel J. Alito
22:48
Sonia Sotomayor
22:49
Elena Kagan
24:32
The Supreme Court at Work
25:25
Only a Few Hundred Cases are Heard
25:29
Rule of 4
28:02
Writ of Certiorari
28:22
Majority, Concurring, and Dissenting Opinions
30:21
Majority Opinion
30:26
Concurring Opinion
31:06
Dissenting Opinion
31:40
Courts as Policymakers
32:59
The Warren Court
33:21
The Burger Court
34:38
The Rehnquist and Roberts Courts
35:40
Example 1
36:54
Example 2
37:38
Example 3
38:26
Example 4
40:15
Example 5
44:23
Section 4: Public Policy
Public Policy

52m 3s

Intro
0:00
Lesson Overview
0:10
Domestic Policy
2:12
Crime Prevention
2:20
Education
3:49
Obamacare
7:00
Affordable Care Act (ACA)
8:56
Constitutionality of ACA's Individual Mandate
12:24
Social Welfare
14:37
Public Attitude Toward Government Involvement Fighting Against Economic Downturns and Poverty
14:46
Social Security Act of 1935
16:12
Reagan Reduced Benefits and Effectively Used Rhetoric Decrying 'Big Government'
16:43
Bill Clinton Ended Welfare As We Know it and Replace AFDC to TANF
17:36
Economic Policy
19:29
Government Raises Revenue Through a Variety of Taxes
20:35
Individual Income Tax
21:33
Federal Reserve Board Controls Monetary Policy Through the Federal Open Market Committee
23:31
Fed Chairman Exerts a lot of Power in His Ability to Implement Monetary Policy as Opposed to Fiscal Policy
24:29
Mandatory and Discretionary Spending
28:30
Mandatory Spending
28:46
Discretionary Spending
33:54
Social Security Reform
34:33
Raise Social Security Taxes
35:27
Reduce Benefits to Current Retirees
37:23
Raise the Retirement Age
39:24
The Federal Budget
41:29
Fiscal Year
41:38
Office of Management and Budget
41:47
Congress Debates with the Congressional Budget Office Providing Economic Data
42:40
Congress Sends Appropriations Bills for Approval
43:19
If No Budget, Government Shuts Down
43:51
Example 1
44:56
Example 2
46:04
Example 3
46:38
Example 4
48:48
Example 5
50:16
Section 5: AP Test
AP Practice Exam: Free Response, 2012

50m 53s

Intro
0:00
Free Response 1
0:11
Free Response 2
12:01
Free Response 3
25:10
Free Response 4
40:04
AP Practice Exam: Free Response, 2013

42m 41s

Intro
0:00
Free Response 1
0:11
Free Response 2
12:45
Free Response 3
22:09
Free Response 4
31:46
AP Practice Exam: Multiple Choice

59m 31s

Intro
0:00
Multiple Choice 1
0:19
Multiple Choice 2
2:50
Multiple Choice 3
5:44
Multiple Choice 4
6:59
Multiple Choice 5
8:41
Multiple Choice 6
10:35
Multiple Choice 7
14:18
Multiple Choice 8
15:54
Multiple Choice 9
22:46
Multiple Choice 10
22:45
Multiple Choice 11
28:08
Multiple Choice 12
29:48
Multiple Choice 13
33:31
Multiple Choice 14
34:58
Multiple Choice 15
36:51
Multiple Choice 16
38:52
Multiple Choice 17
42:13
Multiple Choice 18
43:51
Multiple Choice 19
47:52
Multiple Choice 20
49:51
Multiple Choice 21
52:14
Multiple Choice 22
53:49
Multiple Choice 23
56:28
Multiple Choice 24
57:02
Multiple Choice 25
57:53
1999 Released AP Practice Exam: Full-Length Multiple Choice, Part I

1h 2m 4s

Intro
0:00
Multiple Choice 1
0:19
Multiple Choice 2
2:16
Multiple Choice 3
5:22
Multiple Choice 4
7:16
Multiple Choice 5
12:15
Multiple Choice 6
14:58
Multiple Choice 7
16:53
Multiple Choice 8
18:35
Multiple Choice 9
20:02
Multiple Choice 10
22:51
Multiple Choice 11
24:14
Multiple Choice 12
25:06
Multiple Choice 13
29:07
Multiple Choice 14
30:48
Multiple Choice 15
32:32
Multiple Choice 16
34:07
Multiple Choice 17
36:38
Multiple Choice 18
37:40
Multiple Choice 19
39:08
Multiple Choice 20
40:55
Multiple Choice 21
42:58
Multiple Choice 22
43:43
Multiple Choice 23
45:47
Multiple Choice 24
46:38
Multiple Choice 25
49:26
Multiple Choice 26
51:33
Multiple Choice 27
53:49
Multiple Choice 28
55:00
Multiple Choice 29
57:06
Multiple Choice 30
59:54
1999 Released AP Practice Exam: Full-Length Multiple Choice, Part II

53m 11s

Intro
0:00
Multiple Choice 31
0:14
Multiple Choice 32
2:00
Multiple Choice 33
3:10
Multiple Choice 34
4:39
Multiple Choice 35
7:26
Multiple Choice 36
9:05
Multiple Choice 37
10:42
Multiple Choice 38
12:16
Multiple Choice 39
14:03
Multiple Choice 40
15:18
Multiple Choice 41
17:06
Multiple Choice 42
18:36
Multiple Choice 43
20:45
Multiple Choice 44
22:01
Multiple Choice 45
23:46
Multiple Choice 46
24:40
Multiple Choice 47
25:49
Multiple Choice 48
27:18
Multiple Choice 49
28:57
Multiple Choice 50
30:57
Multiple Choice 51
33:13
Multiple Choice 52
35:16
Multiple Choice 53
37:13
Multiple Choice 54
38:48
Multiple Choice 55
40:54
Multiple Choice 56
42:13
Multiple Choice 57
44:03
Multiple Choice 58
46:25
Multiple Choice 59
47:58
Multiple Choice 60
49:52
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Lecture Comments (2)

1 answer

Last reply by: Professor Jibin Park
Sat Sep 16, 2017 11:35 PM

Post by Kate Liu on September 16, 2017

Why is it that if the 20th is on a Sunday, the President must have the public ceremony the next day?

Amendments XX-XXVII

Lecture Slides are screen-captured images of important points in the lecture. Students can download and print out these lecture slide images to do practice problems as well as take notes while watching the lecture.

  • Intro 0:00
  • Lesson Overview 0:11
  • Amendment XX 1:22
    • Amendment Twenty
    • Shortened the 'Lame Duck' Status of Both the President and Congress
    • In Earlier Times, a Long Period of Time Was Necessary for the Long Trek to Washington, DC
  • Amendment XXII 7:15
    • Amendment Twenty-Two
    • George Washington Set a Precedent for Two Terms
    • Few Presidents Sought a Third Term
    • Lyndon Johnson
    • President Bill Clinton
  • Amendment XXIII 16:55
    • Amendment Twenty-Three
    • Residents of Washington, D.C. Has Right to Vote in Presidential Elections
    • Electors Give Votes to Democratic Candidate
    • Nonpartisan Issue
    • 1984: Ronald Reagan Won in a Landslide Election
    • Michael Jordan Amendment
  • Amendment XXIV 23:40
    • Amendment Twenty-Four
    • One of the Surviving Ways to Disenfranchise Black Voters
    • President Kennedy Wanted an Amendment as the Best Way to Avoid a Filibuster
  • Amendment XXV 25:52
    • Amendment Twenty-Five
    • Amendment Made it Unambiguous That the VP Became President
  • Amendment XXV 29:32
    • Tyler Precedent
    • Woodrow and Edith Wilson
    • Presidents Who Take Over Because of a Previous President's Death
    • Truman
    • Gerald Ford
    • Use of Section 4
  • Amendment XXVI 34:28
    • Amendment Twenty-Six
    • Vietnam War
    • Old Enough to Fight and Die, Old Enough to Vote
    • Some States Already Permitted Ages 18-21 to Vote
    • Struck Down as Unconstitutional
  • Amendment XXVII 36:38
    • Amendment Twenty-Seven
    • Gregory Watson
    • Thesis Seen as Too Unrealistic
    • Automatic Cost-of-Living Adjustment
  • Example 1 41:13
  • Example 2 42:27
  • Example 3 44:59
  • Example 4 46:20
  • Example 5 48:40

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