Educator

Maxwell's Equations

• There are four equations that constitute Maxwell’s equations:
1. Gauss’s law: The integral of E.da over a closed surface is equal to the charge enclosed within the surface divided by epsilon_0.
2. Gauss’s law in magnetism: The integral of B.da over any closed surface is zero.
3. Faraday’s law: The line integral of E.dl over a closed path is equal to minus the derivative with respect to time of the flux through the closed path.
4. Ampere-Maxwell’s law: The line integral of B.dl over a closed path is equal to mu_0*I plus mu_0*epsilon_0*(derivative of the electric flux with respect to time).
• Maxwell’s equations predict the existence of electromagnetic waves that travel in vacuum with the speed of light.
• In a plane electromagnetic wave, the electric field E and the magnetic field B are perpendicular to each other and both are perpendicular to the direction of propagation.